New Biomarkers and Treatment Advances in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Autor: Brahim El Hejjioui, Salma Lamrabet, Sarah Amrani Joutei, Nadia Senhaji, Touria Bouhafa, Moulay Abdelilah Malhouf, Sanae Bennis, Laila Bouguenouch
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Diagnostics, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 1949 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 13111949
2075-4418
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111949
Popis: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer lacking hormone receptor expression and HER2 gene amplification. TNBC represents a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, characterized by poor prognosis, high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, and a tendency to relapse. In this review, the specific molecular subtypes and pathological aspects of triple-negative breast cancer are illustrated, with particular attention to the biomarker characteristics of TNBC, namely: regulators of cell proliferation and migration and angiogenesis, apoptosis-regulating proteins, regulators of DNA damage response, immune checkpoints, and epigenetic modifications. This paper also focuses on omics approaches to exploring TNBC, such as genomics to identify cancer-specific mutations, epigenomics to identify altered epigenetic landscapes in cancer cells, and transcriptomics to explore differential mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, updated neoadjuvant treatments for TNBC are also mentioned, underlining the role of immunotherapy and novel and targeted agents in the treatment of TNBC.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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