Toxicity of geranium oil, geraniol and their nanoemulsions on protoscoleces of hydatid cyst under in vitro conditions
| Autor: | P. Assadi Chafgiri, M. H. Farahmand Habibi, M. A. Tabari, M. H. Shahavi, M. R. Youssefi |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2024 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol 27, Iss 3, Pp 456-467 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 1311-1477 1313-3543 |
| DOI: | 10.15547/bjvm.2022-0076 |
| Popis: | Surgery is the main efficacious treatment for many cases of cystic echinococcosis by removing Echi-nococcus granulosus cysts. However, to reduce risk of cyst spillage and insemination of the content, using a scolicidal agent is crucial. Considering side effects of available scolicidals, and growing nano-technological approaches in novel pharmaceuticals, the present study aimed to find out the scolicidal activity of geraniol (GL), geranium oil (GM), and their developed nanoemulsions (Nano-GL and Nano-GM) on the protoscoleces of E. granulosus. Nanoemulsions were developed by ultrasonication emulsification and characterised by dynamic light scattering method (DLS). The scolicidal effect of GL, GM, Nano-GL, and Nano-GM at different concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 µg/mL were determined after 0.5, 1, and 2 hours of incubation. Mortality rates were measured by eosin exclusion test. The average droplet size for Nano-GM and Nano-GL were 124.8 and 88.59 nm, respectively. After one hour of exposure, all tested concentrations of GL and Nano-GL resulted in higher than 90% mortality rates, while GM and Nano-GM killed 70.66% and 90.33% of protoscoleces, respectively. Based on 50% lethal concentration, Nano-GL was significantly more potent than Nano-GM (LC50: 4.52 vs 102.95 μg/mL). Results of scanning electron microscopy revealed tegumental disruption in the treated protoscoleces. This study described an easily applicable and eco-friendly procedure of nano-formulating functional phytochemicals, showing promising scolicidal activity in vitro. The developed formulations, especially Nano-GL, showed the characteristics of an ideal scolicidal agent. Further studies are needed to assess in vivo efficacy and safety of this formulation. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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