| Autor: |
Nicoletta De Vietro, Francesco Triggiano, Pietro Cotugno, Jolanda Palmisani, Alessia Di Gilio, Carlo Zambonin, Gianluigi de Gennaro, Giovanna Mancini, Antonella Maria Aresta, Giusy Diella, Vincenzo Marcotrigiano, Giovanni Trifone Sorrenti, Piersaverio Marzocca, Michele Lampedecchia, Domenico Pio Sorrenti, Ezio D’Aniello, Matilde Gramegna, Alessandra Nencha, Antonio Caputo, Marta Giovine, Caterina Spinelli, Giuseppina Caggiano |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2024 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Foods, Vol 13, Iss 18, p 2910 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2304-8158 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/foods13182910 |
| Popis: |
Edible ice is often produced by special machines that can represent a source of significant chemical and microbiological contamination. In this work, the presence of phthalic acid esters (phthalates, PAEs) and heavy metals in ice cubes distributed by 77 vending machines installed in two different zones in southern Italy and fed by water from the public water supply was investigated. Solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) was used to evaluate contamination with four PAEs, which were selected because they are commonly used in the production of food-contact plastics, while inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) was used to quantify the heavy metals. It was found that ice samples, especially those from one of the two considered zones (zone 2), exceeded the dibutyl phthalate (DBP) threshold limit value; some ice cubes from the other zone (zone 1) instead showed levels of both lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) up to one order of magnitude higher than those observed in samples collected in zone 2 and higher than the maximum permitted values (European Directive n. 2184/2020). Since the water source connected to the ice vending machines was found to be free from significant levels of all considered target compounds and metals, the high levels of DBP, Ni, and Pb in ice cubes could be attributed to the components and/or to the state of repair of the ice vending machines themselves. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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