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Naeem Mubarak,1,2 Ernieda Hatah,3 Tahir Mehmood Khan,4 Che Suraya Zin11Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Malaysia; 2Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore Medical & Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; 3Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 4Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PakistanObjective: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of collaborative practice between community pharmacist (CP) and general practitioner (GP) in asthma management.Methods: A systematic search was performed across 10 databases (PubMed, Medline/Ovid, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, PsycARTICLES®, Science Direct, Education Resource Information Centre, PRO-Quest), and grey literature using selected MeSH and key words, such as “community pharmacist”, “general practitioner”, and “medicine use review”. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool. All studies reporting any of the clinical, humanistic, and economical outcomes using collaborative practice between CPs and GPs in management of asthma, such as CPs conducting medications reviews, patient referrals or providing education and counseling, were included.Results: A total of 23 studies (six RCTs, four C-RCT, three controlled interventions, seven pre–post, and three case control) were included. In total, 11/14 outcomes were concluded in favor of CP-GP collaborative interventions with different magnitude of effect size. Outcomes, such as asthma severity, asthma control, asthma symptoms, PEFR, SABA usage, hospital visit, adherence, and quality of life (QoL) (Asthma Quality-of-Life Questionnaire [AQLQ]; Living with Asthma Questionnaire [LWAQ]) demonstrated a small effect size (d≥0.2), while inhalation technique, ED visit, and asthma knowledge witnessed medium effect sizes (ES) (d≥0.5). In addition to that, inhalation technique yielded large ES (d≥0.8) in RCTs subgroup analysis. However, three outcomes, FEV, corticosteroids usage, and preventer-to-reliever ratio, did not hold significant ES (d |
