Using Environmental Simulations to Test the Release of Hazardous Substances from Polymer-Based Products: Are Realism and Pragmatism Mutually Exclusive Objectives?

Autor: Nicole Bandow, Michael D. Aitken, Anja Geburtig, Ute Kalbe, Christian Piechotta, Ute Schoknecht, Franz-Georg Simon, Ina Stephan
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Materials, Vol 13, Iss 12, p 2709 (2020)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1996-1944
DOI: 10.3390/ma13122709
Popis: The potential release of hazardous substances from polymer-based products is currently in the focus of environmental policy. Environmental simulations are applied to expose such products to selected aging conditions and to investigate release processes. Commonly applied aging exposure types such as solar and UV radiation in combination with water contact, corrosive gases, and soil contact as well as expected general effects on polymers and additional ingredients of polymer-based products are described. The release of substances is based on mass-transfer processes to the material surfaces. Experimental approaches to investigate transport processes that are caused by water contact are presented. For tailoring the tests, relevant aging exposure types and release quantification methods must be combined appropriately. Several studies on the release of hazardous substances such as metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, antioxidants, and carbon nanotubes from polymers are summarized exemplarily. Differences between natural and artificial exposure tests are discussed and demonstrated for the release of flame retardants from several polymers and for biocides from paints. Requirements and limitations to apply results from short-term artificial environmental exposure tests to predict long-term environmental behavior of polymers are presented.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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