| Autor: |
Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar, Rahnuma Ahmad, Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye, Sayeeda Rahman, Katia Iskandar, Siddhartha Dutta, Angus Nnamdi Oli, Sameer Dhingra, Maryam Abba Tor, Ayukafangha Etando, Santosh Kumar, Mohammed Irfan, Marshall Gowere, Kona Chowdhury, Farhana Akter, Dilshad Jahan, Natalie Schellack, Mainul Haque |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Life, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 478 (2022) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2075-1729 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/life12040478 |
| Popis: |
COVID-19-infected patients require an intact immune system to suppress viral replication and prevent complications. However, the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection that led to death were linked to the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines known as cytokine storm syndrome. This article reported the various checkpoints targeted to manage the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm. The literature search was carried out using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Journal articles that discussed SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine storm were retrieved and appraised. Specific checkpoints identified in managing SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm include a decrease in the level of Nod-Like Receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome where drugs such as quercetin and anakinra were effective. Janus kinase-2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (JAK2/STAT1) signaling pathways were blocked by medicines such as tocilizumab, baricitinib, and quercetin. In addition, inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6 with dexamethasone, tocilizumab, and sarilumab effectively treats cytokine storm and significantly reduces mortality caused by COVID-19. Blockade of IL-1 with drugs such as canakinumab and anakinra, and inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) with zanubrutinib and ibrutinib was also beneficial. These agents' overall mechanisms of action involve a decrease in circulating proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines and or blockade of their receptors. Consequently, the actions of these drugs significantly improve respiration and raise lymphocyte count and PaO2/FiO2 ratio. Targeting cytokine storms' pathogenesis genetic and molecular apparatus will substantially enhance lung function and reduce mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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