Water‐Based Conductive Ink Formulations for Enzyme‐Based Wearable Biosensors

Autor: Angelo Tricase, Anna Imbriano, Marlene Valentino, Nicoletta Ditaranto, Eleonora Macchia, Cinzia Di Franco, Reshma Kidayaveettil, Dónal Leech, Matteo Piscitelli, Gaetano Scamarcio, Gaetano Perchiazzi, Luisa Torsi, Paolo Bollella
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Advanced Sensor Research, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2751-1219
DOI: 10.1002/adsr.202300036
Popis: Abstract Herein, this work reports the first example of second‐generation wearable biosensor arrays based on a printed electrode technology involving a water‐based graphite ink, for the simultaneous detection of l‐lactate and d‐glucose. The water‐based graphite ink is deposited onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate sheet, namely stencil‐printed graphite (SPG) electrodes, and further modified with [Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] as an osmium redox polymer to shuttle the electrons from the redox center of lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans (LOx) and gluocose oxidase from Aspergillus niger (GOx). The proposed biosensor array exhibits a limit of detection as low as (9.0 ± 1.0) × 10−6 m for LOx/SPG‐[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and (3.0 ± 0.5) × 10−6 m for GOx/SPG‐[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10], a sensitivity as high as 1.32 μA mm−1 for LOx/SPG‐[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10] and 28.4 μA mm−1 for GOx/SPG‐[Os(bpy)2(Cl)(PVI)10]. The technology is also selective when tested in buffer and artificial sweat and is endowed with an operational/storage stability of ≈80% of the initial signal retained after 20 days. Finally, the proposed array is integrated in a wristband and successfully tested for the continuous monitoring of l‐lactate and d‐glucose in a healthy volunteer during daily activity. This is foreseen as a real‐time wearable device for sport‐medicine and healthcare applications.
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