| Autor: |
David M. Lawrence, Rosie A. Fisher, Charles D. Koven, Keith W. Oleson, Sean C. Swenson, Gordon Bonan, Nathan Collier, Bardan Ghimire, Leo vanKampenhout, Daniel Kennedy, Erik Kluzek, Peter J. Lawrence, Fang Li, Hongyi Li, Danica Lombardozzi, William J. Riley, William J. Sacks, Mingjie Shi, Mariana Vertenstein, William R. Wieder, Chonggang Xu, Ashehad A. Ali, Andrew M. Badger, Gautam Bisht, Michiel van denBroeke, Michael A. Brunke, Sean P. Burns, Jonathan Buzan, Martyn Clark, Anthony Craig, Kyla Dahlin, Beth Drewniak, Joshua B. Fisher, Mark Flanner, Andrew M. Fox, Pierre Gentine, Forrest Hoffman, Gretchen Keppel‐Aleks, Ryan Knox, Sanjiv Kumar, Jan Lenaerts, L. Ruby Leung, William H. Lipscomb, Yaqiong Lu, Ashutosh Pandey, Jon D. Pelletier, Justin Perket, James T. Randerson, Daniel M. Ricciuto, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Andrew Slater, Zachary M. Subin, Jinyun Tang, R. Quinn Thomas, Maria Val Martin, Xubin Zeng |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2019 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol 11, Iss 12, Pp 4245-4287 (2019) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
1942-2466 |
| DOI: |
10.1029/2018MS001583 |
| Popis: |
Abstract The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and is used in several global and regional modeling systems. In this paper, we introduce model developments included in CLM version 5 (CLM5), which is the default land component for CESM2. We assess an ensemble of simulations, including prescribed and prognostic vegetation state, multiple forcing data sets, and CLM4, CLM4.5, and CLM5, against a range of metrics including from the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMBv2) package. CLM5 includes new and updated processes and parameterizations: (1) dynamic land units, (2) updated parameterizations and structure for hydrology and snow (spatially explicit soil depth, dry surface layer, revised groundwater scheme, revised canopy interception and canopy snow processes, updated fresh snow density, simple firn model, and Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport), (3) plant hydraulics and hydraulic redistribution, (4) revised nitrogen cycling (flexible leaf stoichiometry, leaf N optimization for photosynthesis, and carbon costs for plant nitrogen uptake), (5) global crop model with six crop types and time‐evolving irrigated areas and fertilization rates, (6) updated urban building energy, (7) carbon isotopes, and (8) updated stomatal physiology. New optional features include demographically structured dynamic vegetation model (Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator), ozone damage to plants, and fire trace gas emissions coupling to the atmosphere. Conclusive establishment of improvement or degradation of individual variables or metrics is challenged by forcing uncertainty, parametric uncertainty, and model structural complexity, but the multivariate metrics presented here suggest a general broad improvement from CLM4 to CLM5. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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