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Intra-cardiac Echocardiography (ICE) is a crucial imaging modality used in electrophysiology (EP) and structural heart disease (SHD) interventions, providing real-time, high-resolution views from within the heart. Despite its advantages, effective manipulation of the ICE catheter requires significant expertise, which can lead to inconsistent outcomes, particularly among less experienced operators. To address this challenge, we propose an AI-driven closed-loop view guidance system with human-in-the-loop feedback, designed to assist users in navigating ICE imaging without requiring specialized knowledge. Our method models the relative position and orientation vectors between arbitrary views and clinically defined ICE views in a spatial coordinate system, guiding users on how to manipulate the ICE catheter to transition from the current view to the desired view over time. Operating in a closed-loop configuration, the system continuously predicts and updates the necessary catheter manipulations, ensuring seamless integration into existing clinical workflows. The effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated through a simulation-based evaluation, achieving an 89% success rate with the 6532 test dataset, highlighting its potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of ICE imaging procedures. |
