| Popis: |
A joint volume-surface formalism of the Multi-Moment Sectional Method (MMSM) is developed to describe the evolution of soot size distribution in turbulent reacting flows. The bivariate MMSM (or BMMSM) considers three statistical moments per section, including the total soot number density, total soot volume, and total soot surface area per section. A linear profile along the volume coordinate is considered to reconstruct the size distribution within each section, which weights a delta function along the surface coordinate. The closure for the surface considers that the primary particle diameter is constant so the surface/volume ratio constant within each section. The inclusion of the new variable in BMMSM allows for the description of soot's fractal aggregate morphology compared to the strictly spherical assumption of its univariate predecessor. BMMSM is shown to reproduce bimodal soot size distributions in simulations of one-dimensional laminar sooting flames as in experimental measurements. To demonstrate its performance in turbulent reacting flows, BMMSM is coupled to a Large Eddy Simulation framework to simulate a laboratory-scale turbulent nonpremixed jet flame. Computational results are validated against available experimental measurements of soot size distribution, showing the ability of BMMSM to reproduce the evolution of the size distribution from unimodal to bimodal moving downstream in the flame. In general, varying the number of sections has limited influence on results, and accurate results are obtained with as few as eight sections so 24 total degrees of freedom. The impact of using a different statistical model for soot (HMOM) is also investigated. The total computational cost of using BMMSM as low as approximately 44% more than the cost of HMOM. The new formulation results in a computationally efficient approach for the soot size distribution in turbulent reacting flows. |
