X-ray stacking reveals average SMBH accretion properties of star-forming galaxies and their cosmic evolution over 4 <~ z <~ 7
| Autor: | Matsui, Suin, Shimasaku, Kazuhiro, Ito, Kei, Ando, Makoto, Tanaka, Takumi S. |
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| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | MNRAS, Volume 529, Issue 2, April 2024, Pages 926-940 |
| Druh dokumentu: | Working Paper |
| DOI: | 10.1093/mnras/stad3955 |
| Popis: | With an X-ray stacking analysis of ~ 12, 000 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) using the Chandra Legacy Survey image, we investigate average supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion properties of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 4 <~ z <~ 7. Although no X-ray signal is detected in any stacked image, we obtain strong 3 sigma upper limits for the average black hole accretion rate (BHAR) as a function of star formation rate (SFR). At z ~ 4 (5) where the stacked image is deeper, the 3 sigma BHAR upper limits per SFR are ~ 1.5 (1.0) dex lower than the local black hole-to-stellar mass ratio, indicating that the SMBHs of SFGs in the inactive (BHAR <~1M_sun yr^{-1}) phase are growing much more slowly than expected from simultaneous evolution. We obtain a similar result for BHAR per dark halo accretion rate. QSOs from the literature are found to have ~ 1 dex higher SFRs and >~ 2 dex higher BHARs than LBGs with the same dark halo mass. We also make a similar comparison for dusty starburst galaxies and quiescent galaxies from the literature. A duty-cycle corrected analysis shows that for a given dark halo, the SMBH mass increase in the QSO phase dominates over that in the much longer inactive phase. Finally, a comparison with the TNG300, TNG100, SIMBA100, and EAGLE100 simulations finds that they overshoot our BHAR upper limits by <~ 1.5 dex, possibly implying that simulated SMBHs are too massive. Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS |
| Databáze: | arXiv |
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