Confining Strings and Glueballs in $\mathbb{Z}_N$ Gauge Theories
| Autor: | Athenodorou, Andreas, Dubovsky, Sergei, Luo, Conghuan, Teper, Michael |
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| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Druh dokumentu: | Working Paper |
| Popis: | Effective string theory has shown its universal power in the prediction of the spectrum of low-lying excited states of confining strings. Here we study confining flux tubes in $\mathbb{Z}_N$ gauge theories. For the $N=2$ theory, which corresponds to the 3d Ising gauge model, we compute the spectrum of low-lying excitations of confining strings and show that it agrees with the universal Nambu--Goto predictions except for an additional massive scalar resonance. This resonance, however, turns out to be a bulk glueball mixing with the flux tube excitations rather than a genuine string worldsheet state. In general $\mathbb{Z}_N$ gauge theories (dual to clock spin models), we observe a continuous phase transition for $N \geq 4$, while for $N > 5$ it is governed by the $O(2)$ universality class. The critical behavior of the string tension and mass gap is verified to be described by a dangerously irrelevant operator. At large $N$ the glueball spectrum is expected to approach the spectrum of U(1) gauge theory, which is confirmed by our lattice data. Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, Parallel talk presented at the 40th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2023), July 31st - August 4th, 2023, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory |
| Databáze: | arXiv |
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