X-ray Super-Flares From Pre-Main Sequence Stars: Flare Modeling
| Autor: | Getman, Konstantin V., Feigelson, Eric D., Garmire, Gordon P. |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| Druh dokumentu: | Working Paper |
| DOI: | 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1746 |
| Popis: | Getman et al. (2021) reports the discovery, energetics, frequencies, and effects on environs of $>1000$ X-ray super-flares with X-ray energies $E_X \sim 10^{34}-10^{38}$~erg from pre-main sequence (PMS) stars identified in the $Chandra$ MYStIX and SFiNCs surveys. Here we perform detailed plasma evolution modeling of $55$ bright MYStIX/SFiNCs super-flares from these events. They constitute a large sample of the most powerful stellar flares analyzed in a uniform fashion. They are compared with published X-ray super-flares from young stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster, older active stars, and the Sun. Several results emerge. First, the properties of PMS X-ray super-flares are independent of the presence or absence of protoplanetary disks inferred from infrared photometry, supporting the solar-type model of PMS flaring magnetic loops with both footpoints anchored in the stellar surface. Second, most PMS super-flares resemble solar long duration events (LDEs) that are associated with coronal mass ejections. Slow rise PMS super-flares are an interesting exception. Third, strong correlations of super-flare peak emission measure and plasma temperature with the stellar mass are similar to established correlations for the PMS X-ray emission composed of numerous smaller flares. Fourth, a new correlation of loop geometry is linked to stellar mass; more massive stars appear to have thicker flaring loops. Finally, the slope of a long-standing relationship between the X-ray luminosity and magnetic flux of various solar-stellar magnetic elements appears steeper in PMS super-flares than for solar events. Comment: 30 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, July 2021 |
| Databáze: | arXiv |
| Externí odkaz: |
|