Mid-$J$ CO Line Observations of Protostellar Outflows in the Orion Molecular Clouds
| Autor: | Kang, Miju, Choi, Minho, Wyrowski, Friedrich, Kim, Gwanjeong, Bieging, John H., Kim, Mi-Ryang, Park, Geumsook, Megeath, S. T., Choi, Yunhee, Kang, Sung-Ju, Yoo, Hyunju, Manoj, P. |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| Druh dokumentu: | Working Paper |
| DOI: | 10.3847/1538-4365/abfd35 |
| Popis: | Ten protostellar outflows in the Orion molecular clouds were mapped in the $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO ${J=6\rightarrow5}$ and $^{12}$CO ${J=7\rightarrow6}$ lines. The maps of these mid-$J$ CO lines have an angular resolution of about 10$''$ and a typical field size of about 100$''$. Physical parameters of the molecular outflows were derived, including mass transfer rates, kinetic luminosities, and outflow forces. The outflow sample was expanded by re-analyzing archival data of nearby low-luminosity protostars, to cover a wide range of bolometric luminosities. Outflow parameters derived from other transitions of CO were compared. The mid-$J$ ($J_{\rm up} \approx 6$) and low-$J$ ($J_{\rm up} \leq 3$) CO line wings trace essentially the same outflow component. By contrast, the high-$J$ (up to $J_{\rm up} \approx 50$) line-emission luminosity of CO shows little correlation with the kinetic luminosity from the ${J=6\rightarrow5}$ line, which suggests that they trace distinct components. The low/mid-$J$ CO line wings trace long-term outflow behaviors while the high-$J$ CO lines are sensitive to short-term activities. The correlations between the outflow parameters and protostellar properties are presented, which shows that the strengths of molecular outflows increase with bolometric luminosity and envelope mass. Comment: 31 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJS |
| Databáze: | arXiv |
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