Olympos Piskoposluk Kilisesi ve Vaftizhanesi Erken Bizans Dönemi Levha Örnekleri
| Autor: | SERTEL, Sinan |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | turečtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Volume: 9, Issue: 1 189-213 Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi |
| ISSN: | 1309-9302 |
| Popis: | Olympos,one of the port cities of the Lycian Region, is located in a deep valley formedby Sepet Mountain in the south and Omurga Mount in the north. The OlymposRiver, which forms the main character of the city and passes in the middle,divides the city into two as north and south. Although there is no data on thefirst establishment of Olympos at the urban level, the first written sourcesfor its existence are provided by the coins of the Lycian Union dated to theHellenistic Period. Similarly, polygonal fortification walls located in thesouth of the city are another important data showing the existence of the cityin the Hellenistic Period. Olympos, which is one of the 23 cities that have theright to vote in the Lycian Union, is one of the important cities with threevoting rights, along with Xanthos, Patara, Pinara, Myra and Tlos. It isunderstood that between 100 and 77 BC, the city lost this importance and it wasnot in the Lycian Union. This situation is related to Zeniketes who is known tobe a piracy company in the region from the west of Antalya to the Gulf ofGelidonya. The city was reintroduced to the Lycian Union during the RomanImperial Period.Inthe archaeological studies, it was understood that no data on Christianitycould be obtained in the city until the fifth century BC. However, the factthat the name of the saint named Methodios, who lived in the end of the 3rd centuryand the beginning of the 4th century, is the first bishop of the Lycian region,shows the presence of the Christian community in this period. Taking intoaccount the general urban planning, it is understood that the city underwentreconstruction activities in the 5th and 6th centuries after the Roman period.The church and baptistery, where the slabs are the subject of our study, arelocated in the center of the Episcopal Palace, where religious andadministrative functions in the north of the city are carried out. The bishop'shouse is located in the east of the Episcopal Palace. The bishop house islocated in the east of the Episcopal Palace, and in the west there aretriclinium, peristyl and different sized rooms which are thought to belong to theofficials. The church, which is the largest building in the palace, has threenaves and a transept plan. In the south of the church there is a relief chapeland an additional space, while the north has a three-nave basilical baptistery.There is a rectangular narthex in the west of the church without atrium. Thedoors on the east wall of the narthex provide access to the dining room and thedoors on the north wall provide access to the baptistery. In the bema of thechurch, there is templon arrangement in the form of an inverted П in the apse width. Thedoors on the eastern wall of the church allow access to the corner rooms fromthe naves. The nave separations of the church formed by columns and slabs aredesigned as high type to prevent both passage and sight in the section of thenorthern nave up to the transept.Slabswhich are used in churches for ambon, templon, solea, altar, and naveseparation, were found in the different excavations periods in the EpiscopalChurch and Baptistery of Olympos. Most of the slabs in the buildings wereproduced from limestone material which are similar to the examples in theLycian Region. However, in some of the slabs, marble materials were also used.It is seen that the slabs, which are mostly used in nave separations due to thefinds, are processed with herbal, geometric, figured, inscribed and symbolicmotifs. The leaf among scrolling branch is often used in vegetal motifs. Inaddition, ivy, flowers with round and pointed leaves, pomegranate and spikemotifs are also seen. In the slabs seen geometric motifs such as interwovencircles, intersecting circles, rhombuses and triangles. As symbolic motif, thecross that we see in Latin, Maltese and Rho types has often been used. In thefigurative depictions we see on the plates made of marble, a portrait of asaint or a Virgin Mary, a lion-goat struggle and a peacock can be seen. . Whenthe ornament methods on the slabs are taken into consideration, it was seenthat techniques such as incised, relief, and large carving were used in thesame way as in the Lycian Region. Another interesting feature that we found inthe samples made up of local limestone material is the guiding lines on theirdecorated or undecorated surfaces. These guide lines helps stone mason to placethe motifs on the slab in a smooth and symmetrical way. In this respect, itprovides very interesting information about the construction process and designof the slabs. As a result, all the slabs examined are dated to the 5th 6thcentury BC when evaluated with motifs, stylistic features and similar examples. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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