Innovative development of the national economy of Ukraine: problems and prospects
| Jazyk: | ukrajinština |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Efficiency of public administration; № 60 (2019) Ефективність державного управління; № 60 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2070-4011 |
| Popis: | Problem setting. Innovation and innovative development is the basis of economic independence of the Ukrainian state in the direction of overcoming imbalances in the field of application of tech and technology by developed countries and Ukraine. The innovative development of the national economy in today’s realities is a difficult task, taking into account the imbalance of Ukraine’s economic system and its low competitiveness on the world stage. Therefore, at the state level, support for innovative projects should be stepped up and efforts should be made to increase the interest of entrepreneurs to modernize their production and to translate the state’s economy into an investment-innovative type. This will enhance the dynamics of positive changes in the economy of the Ukrainian state in the long run.Recent research and publications analysis. Problems of innovative development of the national economy have been the subject of research of many scientists. In particular, such specialists as L. Antoniuk, L. Bezchasnyi, O. Bohma, O. Balduyeva, L. Honcharenko, E. Huseinova, I. Kobushko, A. Poruchnyl, N. Puhalska, V. Savchuk, L. Fedulova, I. Khovrak and others work in this direction. However, the innovative aspect of this issue is too global and requires deep research that should focus on a detailed study of all aspects of innovation and innovative activity, both at the macro and micro levels.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The paper aims at studying the peculiarities of functioning of those entities that introduce innovative products in their activity, evaluating the place of the Ukrainian economy in the global ratings concerning the innovative activity, analyzing the causes of unsatisfactory situation in the field of production and sale of innovative products and finding ways of improving the innovative development of the national economy of Ukraine.Paper main body. According to the ratings determined by the world agencies, Ukraine occupies a low position on the level of innovative development of the national economy in comparison with the developed countries. The development of Ukrainian enterprises that use innovative products in their activity is also unstable.The analysis of innovative development of domestic economic entities and the state of innovative competitiveness of the national economic system of Ukraine in comparison with the developed countries shows that the Ukrainian economy is far behind the global trends. The main reasons for the unsatisfactory situation with the production and sale of innovative products in Ukraine are the following objective reasons: the overwhelming belonging of the Ukrainian economy to the third and fourth technological structures; the lack of sufficient state-level resources to support high-tech innovative industries; the lack of sufficient demand for innovative products in the country, which hinders the innovative development of the national economy; insufficient justification of development priorities and effectiveness of prospective developments.The subjective reasons for the unsatisfactory situation with the production and sale of innovative products in Ukraine include: imperfection of regulatory, investment and credit support of innovative activity; low level of innovative management at enterprises; outdated technology and low production culture at most businesses; insufficient financing of innovative activity of economic entities; unsatisfactory level of institutional support for innovative processes; insufficient incentives for specialists to achieve high results in the innovative sphere.Accordingly, several proposals are presented regarding the active introduction of innovations into the economic activity of domestic entities; the development and preservation of scientific and technical potential of the country; determination of national priorities of scientific and technical direction; preferential taxation of the subjects of innovative activity; development of industries and types of industries aimed at innovative development that do not require large investments; creation of an appropriate legal and institutional field; adoption of legislative acts favourable for the development of entrepreneurship; stimulation of personnel to high-productivity work; increasing the share of highly skilled intellectual work.Organic combination of all these directions will strengthen the innovative component in the national economy and improve its innovative development in general. At the same time, the level of innovative activity of the subjects is closely linked to the level of progressive transformations in the socio-economic sphere of the state, so the focus on innovation alone is insufficient. These issues need to be addressed in combination with the need to develop Ukrainian society and improve the level of the Ukrainian population as a whole.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The national economy of Ukraine is currently on the path of its innovative development. However, in comparison with the developed countries, the economic system of the Ukrainian state and the domestic economic entities require considerable activation in the production and introduction of innovative products. This is because of a number of reasons that are both objective and subjective. In order to increase the level of innovative development of the national economy, it is necessary to implement measures of strategic, economic, regulatory and social nature. Розглянуто основні засади інноваційного розвитку національної економіки України. Здійснено оцінку діяльності вітчизняних підприємств, які впроваджують інноваційні продукти у свою діяльність. Запропоновано шляхи покращення інноваційного розвитку національної економіки України, враховуючи причини незадовільної ситуації у сфері виробництва і реалізації інноваційної продукції. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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