Food consumption in English towns and cities, 14th-15th centuries
| Autor: | Cherednichenko, Oleksii |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | ukrajinština |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Skhid; № 2(142) (2016); 65-70 Схид; № 2(142) (2016); 65-70 Схід; № 2(142) (2016); 65-70 |
| ISSN: | 1728-9343 |
| Popis: | У статті викладені особливості харчування англійського пізньосередньовічного бюргерства. На основі аналізу наративних і документальних джерел висвітлено асортимент страв та режим харчування міщан, регламентацію споживання харчів з боку світської та церковної влади. Автор доходить висновку про істотне урізноманітнення раціону харчування англійських бюргерів протягом XIV-XV ст., а також про поступове послаблення впливу релігійних приписів на раціон харчування. В статье исследуются особенности питания английского позднесредневекового бюргерства. На основе анализа нарративных и документальных источников освещены ассортимент блюд и режим питания горожан, регламентация потребления со стороны светских и церковных властей. Автор приходит к выводу о существенном разнообразии рациона питания английских бюргеров на протяжении XIV-XV вв., а также о постепенном ослаблении влияния религиозных предписаний на рацион питания. This article deals with nutrition of English town and city dwellers in 14th and 15th centuries. The author argues that nutrition regime was heavily regulated by both secular and religious (e.g., during fasts) authorities. Overall, food served as yet another indicator of one's position in the social hierarchy; for this reason it was included in the so called "sumptuary laws" as well as clothing; conspicuous consumption, especially during festivities and celebrations, was also quite widespread. The town and city dwellers remained dependent on the harvest in the countryside (as the Great Famine of 1315-7) testifies. However, the general tendency pointed towards the more assorted and diversified choice of food. The main staples remained bread and ale, but the choice could be substantially augmented by fish, vegetables and fruits (often grown in the gardens and orchards within the city), sometimes poaching. Three meals a day became a norm during this period. The wealthy segment of population could also count on imported wine and exquisite poultry, while the poorest often had to rely on handouts. Additionally, it was possible to improve the flavor of the dishes with spices which became much more popular during late medieval period. The consumption of food, in the opinion of medieval Englishmen, should not be excessive because overeating leads to the mortal sin of gluttony. It became customary to have three meals a day.In general, the peculiarities of late medieval English situation merit further research, with close attention paid to the attitudes towards consumption. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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