Shuffling of cis-regulatory elements is a pervasive feature of the vertebrate lineage
| Autor: | Sanges, Remo, Kalmar, Eva, Claudiani, Pamela, D'Amato, Maria, Muller, Ferenc, Stupka, Elia |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
Enhancer Elements
Nucleic Acid Ecology Evolution Research Molecular Cell Biology Regulatory Sequences Nucleic Acid Promoter Regions Evolution Molecular Enhancer Elements Genetic Genetic Behavior and Systematics Settore BIO/13 - Biologia Applicata Vertebrates Genetics Animals Algorithms Promoter Regions Genetic Sister Chromatid Exchange Zebrafish Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Regulatory Sequences |
| Zdroj: | Genome Biology |
| ISSN: | 1465-6914 1465-6906 |
| Popis: | Alignment of orthologous vertebrate loci reveals that a significant proportion of conserved cis-regulatory elements have undergone shuffling during evolution. Background All vertebrates share a remarkable degree of similarity in their development as well as in the basic functions of their cells. Despite this, attempts at unearthing genome-wide regulatory elements conserved throughout the vertebrate lineage using BLAST-like approaches have thus far detected noncoding conservation in only a few hundred genes, mostly associated with regulation of transcription and development. Results We used a unique combination of tools to obtain regional global-local alignments of orthologous loci. This approach takes into account shuffling of regulatory regions that are likely to occur over evolutionary distances greater than those separating mammalian genomes. This approach revealed one order of magnitude more vertebrate conserved elements than was previously reported in over 2,000 genes, including a high number of genes found in the membrane and extracellular regions. Our analysis revealed that 72% of the elements identified have undergone shuffling. We tested the ability of the elements identified to enhance transcription in zebrafish embryos and compared their activity with a set of control fragments. We found that more than 80% of the elements tested were able to enhance transcription significantly, prevalently in a tissue-restricted manner corresponding to the expression domain of the neighboring gene. Conclusion Our work elucidates the importance of shuffling in the detection of cis-regulatory elements. It also elucidates how similarities across the vertebrate lineage, which go well beyond development, can be explained not only within the realm of coding genes but also in that of the sequences that ultimately govern their expression. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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