Sex differences in basal hypothalamic anorectic and orexigenic gene expression and the effect of quantitative and qualitative food restriction

Autor:	Caughey, S. D., Wilson, P. W., Mukhtar, N., Brocklehurst, S., Reid, A., D’Eath, R. B., Boswell, T., Dunn, I. C.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2018
Předmět:	Male Pro-Opiomelanocortin Hypothalamus Gene Expression lcsh:Medicine Nerve Tissue Proteins Growth Psyllium lcsh:Physiology Avian Proteins Eating Animals Agouti-Related Protein Neuropeptide Y AGRP Caloric Restriction lcsh:QP1-981 Research digestive oral and skin physiology lcsh:R POMC Body weight Satiety Female Sex Chickens
Zdroj:	Biology of Sex Differences, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2018) Biology of Sex Differences
ISSN:	2042-6410
DOI:	10.1186/s13293-018-0178-6
Popis:	Background Research into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered genetic sex, yet there is sexual dimorphism for growth across the animal kingdom. We test the hypothesis that in the chicken, there is a sex difference in arcuate nucleus neuropeptide gene expression, since previous research indicates hypothalamic AGRP expression is correlated with growth potential and that males grow faster than females. Because growth has been heavily selected in some chicken lines, food restriction is necessary to improve reproductive performance and welfare, but this increases hunger. Dietary dilution has been proposed to ameliorate this undesirable effect. We aimed to distinguish the effects of gut fullness from nutritional feedback on hypothalamic gene expression and its interaction with sex. Methods Twelve-week-old male and female fast-growing chickens were either released from restriction and fed ad libitum or a restricted diet plus 15% w/w ispaghula husk, a non-nutritive bulking agent, for 2 days. A control group remained on quantitative restriction. Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neuropeptides were measured using real-time PCR. To confirm observed sex differences, the experiment was repeated using only ad libitum and restricted fed fast-growing chickens and in a genetically distinct breed of ad libitum fed male and female chickens. Linear mixed models (Genstat 18) were used for statistical analysis with transformation where appropriate. Results There were pronounced sex differences: expression of the orexigenic genes AGRP (P
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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