Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Ephedra sinica Stapf extract-capped gold nanoparticles in microglia
Autor: | Park,Sun Young, Yi,Eun Hye, Kim,Yoon, Park,Geuntae |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Cell Survival
NF-E2-Related Factor 2 Anti-Inflammatory Agents microglia Metal Nanoparticles Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Antioxidants neuroinflammation Mice X-Ray Diffraction International Journal of Nanomedicine Ephedra sinica Stapf Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Infrared Animals Original Research Ephedra sinica Cell Death Plant Extracts Adenylate Kinase Antioxidant Response Elements Dynamic Light Scattering Cyclooxygenase 2 Cytokines Gold Inflammation Mediators Reactive Oxygen Species gold nanoparticle Signal Transduction |
Zdroj: | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
ISSN: | 1178-2013 1176-9114 |
Popis: | Sun Young Park,1 Eun Hye Yi,2 Yoon Kim,2 Geuntae Park31Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; 2HYUNDAI ENTEC Research Institute, HYUNDAI ENTEC, Busan, 46048, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Nanofusion Technology, Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of KoreaBackground: Combination therapy remains a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases, although green synthesis of gold nanoparticles for treating chronic neuroinflammation and studying their efficacy in treating neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases is not well assessed.Results: Here, Ephedra sinica Stapf (ES) extract was used as the reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent for gold nanoparticle synthesis. We developed ES extract-capped gold nanoparticles (ES-GNs) and investigated their anti-neuroinflammatory properties in microglia. ES-GNs displayed maximum absorption at 538 nm in ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering assessment revealed that ES-GN diameter was 57.6±3.07 nm, with zeta potential value of −24.6±0.84 mV. High resolution–transmission electron microscopy confirmed the spherical shape and average diameter (35.04±4.02 nm) of ES-GNs. Crystalline structure of ES-GNs in optimal conditions was determined by X-ray powder diffraction, and elemental gold presence was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy confirmed gold nanoparticle synthesis using ES. Anti-neuroinflammatory properties of ES-GNs on production of pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and reactive oxygen species) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia were investigated by ELISA and flow cytometry. ES-GNs significantly attenuated LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, which was related to suppressed transcription and translation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. ES-GNs downregulated upstream signaling pathways (IκB kinase-α/β, nuclear factor-κB, Janus-activated kinase /signal transducers and activators of transcription, mitogen-activated protein kinase , and phospholipase D) of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in LPS-stimulated microglia. Anti-neuroinflammatory properties of ES-GNs were mediated by ES-GNs-induced AMP-activated protein kinase)-mediated nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 /antioxidant response element signaling.Conclusion: Collectively, these findings provide a new insight on the role of ES-GNs in treating chronic neuroinflammation-induced neurodegenerative diseases.Keywords: gold nanoparticle, Ephedra sinica Stapf, microglia, neuroinflammation |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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