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Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa,1 Daniel Oktavianus Dau,1 Ida Bagus Putra Pramana,1 Pande Made Wisnu Tirtayasa,1 I Wayan Yudiana,1 Kadek Budi Santosa,1 Anak Agung Gde Oka,1 Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa,1 Christopher Ryalino2 1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Gede Wirya Kusuma DuarsaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, IndonesiaEmail gwkduarsa@gmail.comBackground: Many factors could contribute to the cases of residual benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) volume after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), such as age, obesity, testosterone level, and inflammation. The goal of this study was to determine the risk of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in prostate tissue, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone, and age in promoting prostate volume progression after TURP.Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study on 83 BPH patients who underwent TURP at five hospitals in Bali, Indonesia. Trans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was carried out to examine the prostate’s size. Three years after, we redo the TRUS examination to collect the data of the latest prostate size. TNF-α, TGF-β, serum PSA, testosterone, and age were registered for analysis. We used Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests and multivariate analytic linear regression test (coefficient β) by SPSS 13.0 software.Results: Age, testosterone, PSA, TNF-α, TGF-β were positively correlated to prostate’s volume progression. The prostate volume was strongly correlated with age (r= 0.749, p < 0.001), PSA level (r=0.896, p < 0.001), testosterone level (r=0.818, p < 0.001), and TGF-β (r=0.609, p < 0.001). The TNF-α level has a weak correlation to prostate’s volume progression (r=0.392, p < 0.001).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, PSA, testosterone, and age were significant as the risk factors in promoting the prostate volume progression after TURP.Keywords: age, testosterone, PSA, TNF-α, TGF-β, BPH, TURP |
