Impaired plasticity of macrophages in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
| Autor: | Isabelle, Weinhofer, Bettina, Zierfuss, Simon, Hametner, Magdalena, Wagner, Niko, Popitsch, Christian, Machacek, Barbara, Bartolini, Gerhard, Zlabinger, Anna, Ohradanova-Repic, Hannes, Stockinger, Wolfgang, Köhler, Romana, Höftberger, Günther, Regelsberger, Sonja, Forss-Petter, Hans, Lassmann, Johannes, Berger |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male endocrine system congenital hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalities endocrine system diseases adrenoleukodystrophy Macrophages Cell Plasticity nutritional and metabolic diseases Original Articles macrophage Middle Aged multiple sclerosis ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Subfamily D Member 1 Monocytes White People Editor's Choice inflammation Exome Sequencing Humans ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters demyelination Myelin Sheath Demyelinating Diseases |
| Zdroj: | Brain |
| ISSN: | 1460-2156 |
| Popis: | Weinhofer et al. reveal impaired plasticity of macrophages, with intrinsic pro-inflammatory skewing and a decreased ability to establish proper anti-inflammatory responses, in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). This may contribute to the rapidly progressive demyelination seen in cerebral ALD. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is caused by ATP-binding cassette transporter D1 (ABCD1) mutations and manifests by default as slowly progressive spinal cord axonopathy with associated demyelination (adrenomyloneuropathy). In 60% of male cases, however, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy converts to devastating cerebral inflammation and demyelination (cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy) with infiltrating blood-derived monocytes and macrophages and cytotoxic T cells that can only be stopped by allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy at an early stage of the disease. Recently, we identified monocytes/macrophages but not T cells to be severely affected metabolically by ABCD1 deficiency. Here we found by whole transcriptome analysis that, although monocytes of patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy have normal capacity for macrophage differentiation and phagocytosis, they are pro-inflammatory skewed also in patients with adrenomyloneuropathy in the absence of cerebral inflammation. Following lipopolysaccharide activation, the ingestion of myelin debris, normally triggering anti-inflammatory polarization, did not fully reverse the pro-inflammatory status of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy macrophages. Immunohistochemistry on post-mortem cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy lesions reflected the activation pattern by prominent presence of enlarged lipid-laden macrophages strongly positive for the pro-inflammatory marker co-stimulatory molecule CD86. Comparative analyses of lesions with matching macrophage density in cases of cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy and acute multiple sclerosis showed a similar extent of pro-inflammatory activation but a striking reduction of anti-inflammatory mannose receptor (CD206) and haemoglobin-haptoglobin receptor (CD163) expression on cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy macrophages. Accordingly, ABCD1-deficiency leads to an impaired plasticity of macrophages that is reflected in incomplete establishment of anti-inflammatory responses, thus possibly contributing to the devastating rapidly progressive demyelination in cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy that only in rare cases arrests spontaneously. These findings emphasize monocytes/macrophages as crucial therapeutic targets for preventing or stopping myelin destruction in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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