[Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: convergences and divergences. Genetics]
| Autor: | Josep, Artigas-Pallarés |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Diagnosis
Differential Phenotype Quantitative Trait Heritable Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Child Development Disorders Pervasive Genetic Linkage Diseases in Twins Humans Twin Studies as Topic Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Genetic Association Studies Epigenesis Genetic Genome-Wide Association Study |
| Zdroj: | Revista de neurologia. 57 |
| ISSN: | 1576-6578 |
| Popis: | According to the DSM-5, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are different conditions that earlier versions of the DSM stated could not be diagnosed together in the same individual. Yet, over the last few decades the debate on the limits between the two disorders has continued, even though ADHD and ASD are undoubtedly clinically and cognitively different phenotypes, as demonstrated by the simple fact that they have been defined in clearly different ways. Thus, from a perspective anchored in a purely phenomenological view, there would be no grounds whatsoever on which to question the independence between the two disorders. Since, at the present time, the discussion on the convergence between ADHD and ASD cannot be considered to have been solved, this study aims to take the data available from genetics as the basis on which to review the nosological position of the two disorders. The main studies that have addressed this issue are reviewed. The data collected agree on a genetic overlap between ADHD and ASD, which is influenced by common molecular mechanisms that affect the two disorders at the same time. The conclusions that can be drawn from the data collected suggest a new conceptual model not only for ADHD and ASD, but also for complex mental disorders in general. This line of research will transform the way of understanding the treatment of mental disorders and will almost certainly open up new perspectives in this area.Autismo y trastorno de deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: convergencias y divergencias. Genetica.El trastorno de deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) y el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), de acuerdo con el DSM-5, son entidades distintas cuyo diagnostico conjunto en un mismo individuo estaba vedado en versiones anteriores del DSM. No obstante, durante las dos ultimas decadas se ha mantenido un debate sobre los limites entre uno y otro trastorno, a pesar de que no cabe ninguna objecion de que TDAH y TEA son fenotipos clinicos y cognitivos distintos, por una razon tan obvia como es el hecho de que se han definido de manera claramente distinta. Por lo tanto, desde una perspectiva anclada en una vision puramente fenomenologica, no existiria razon alguna para cuestionar la independencia entre uno y otro trastorno. Puesto que en la actualidad no se puede dar por resuelta la discusion sobre convergencia entre TDAH y TEA, este trabajo se plantea revisar a partir de las aportaciones de la genetica cual es la ubicacion nosologica de ambos trastornos. Se revisan los principales estudios que han abordado la cuestion planteada. Los datos recogidos coinciden en un solapamiento genetico entre TDAH y TEA, mediatizado por mecanismos moleculares comunes que inciden a la vez en uno y otro trastorno. Las conclusiones que se desprenden de la recopilacion de los datos de los que se disponen orientan hacia un nuevo modelo conceptual no solo para el TDAH y el TEA, sino para los trastornos mentales complejos en general. Esta linea de investigacion transformara el modo de entender y, casi con toda certeza, abrira nuevas perspectivas en el tratamiento de los trastornos mentales. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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