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The paper analyzes the structural organization of Latin composites with a chemical component, defines productive models of termination and the framework for the functioning of selected nominative units. The tendencies and principles of Latin medical term formation, the mechanisms of functioning, semantic peculiarities in the synchronic and diachronic aspects continually attract modern linguists, philologists and terminologists, since these issues provide an opportunity to follow the stages in the development of medical science through the prism of their verbal codification and contribute to the standardization the Latin sublanguage of medicine, which renders the present research relevant. The objectives of our research are to determine the status of composites with a chemical element, to trace their etymology, and to determine the framework of their functioning and features of word formation. The research material relies on the authoritative encyclopedic and etymological dictionaries, using the method of continuous sampling with a semantic criterion. The research demonstrated that the names of such chemical elements as Arsenicum, Iodum, Cuprum, Kalium, Oxygenium, Aluminum, Chlorum, Bismuthum, Argentum, Natrium, Nitrogenium, Hydrogenium, Hydrargyrum, Phosphorus, Aurum are often used as components for generating clinical Latin terms. Depending on the number of term elements, involved in the derivation, we distinguished the following structural formations: (1) the basis of the name of the chemical element takes first place + final term element; (2) prefix + base of the name of the chemical element + final term element; (3) the basis of the name of the chemical element + the basis of the words of Latin or Greek origin + suffix -osis or -ismus. The most common model for the formation of two-component one-word terms is where the name of the chemical element is used as a basic noun, represented by the scheme "the basis of the name of the chemical element + final standard term element of Greek origin". In our opinion, it is relevant to unify several components for verbalization of complicated concepts that arise as a result of scientific research in one or another field of medicine. |
