Parasitic infections during pregnancy need not affect infant antibody responses to early vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria, or Haemophilus influenzae type B

Autor: Noah D, McKittrick, Indu J, Malhotra, David M, Vu, Derek B, Boothroyd, Justin, Lee, Amy R, Krystosik, Francis M, Mutuku, Charles H, King, A Desirée, LaBeaud
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Whooping Cough
Physiology
Maternal Health
Biochemistry
Cohort Studies
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Families
Labor and Delivery
Pregnancy
Immune Physiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Public and Occupational Health
Prospective Studies
Children
Haemophilus Vaccines
Vaccines
Immune System Proteins
Vaccination
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Diphtheria
Antibodies
Bacterial
Vaccination and Immunization
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Infectious Diseases
Helminth Infections
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Female
Infants
Research Article
Adult
Infectious Disease Control
Immunology
Antibodies
Young Adult
Parasitic Diseases
Humans
Hepatitis B Vaccines
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
Antigens
Bacterial
Tetanus
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Infant
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
Tropical Diseases
Malaria
Age Groups
Pregnancy Complications
Parasitic
Antibody Formation
People and Places
Birth
Women's Health
Population Groupings
Preventive Medicine
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
Popis: Background Globally, vaccine-preventable diseases remain a significant cause of early childhood mortality despite concerted efforts to improve vaccine coverage. One reason for impaired protection may be the influence of prenatal exposure to parasitic antigens on the developing immune system. Prior research had shown a decrease in infant vaccine response after in utero parasite exposure among a maternal cohort without aggressive preventive treatment. This study investigated the effect of maternal parasitic infections on infant vaccination in a more recent setting of active anti-parasitic therapy. Methodology/Principal findings From 2013–2015, 576 Kenyan women were tested in pregnancy for malaria, soil-transmitted helminths, filaria, and S. haematobium, with both acute and prophylactic antiparasitic therapies given. After birth, 567 infants received 10-valent S. pneumoniae conjugate vaccine and pentavalent vaccine for hepatitis B, pertussis, tetanus, H. influenzae type B (Hib) and C. diphtheriae toxoid (Dp-t) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks. Infant serum samples from birth, 10 and 14 weeks, and every six months until age three years, were analyzed using a multiplex bead assay to quantify IgG for Hib, Dp-t, and the ten pneumococcal serotypes. Antenatal parasitic prevalence was high; 461 women (80%) had at least one and 252 (43.6%) had two or more infections during their pregnancy, with the most common being malaria (44.6%), S. haematobium (43.9%), and hookworm (29.2%). Mixed models comparing influence of infection on antibody concentration revealed no effect of prenatal infection status for most vaccine outcomes. Prevalences of protective antibody concentrations after vaccination were similar among the prenatal exposure groups. Conclusions/Significance These findings are in contrast with results from our prior cohort study performed when preventive anti-parasite treatment was less frequently given. The results suggest that the treatment of maternal infections in pregnancy may be able to moderate the previously observed effect of antenatal maternal infections on infant vaccine responses.
Author summary This mother-baby cohort study continued our investigations into the potential impact of a mother’s parasitic infection(s) during pregnancy on a baby’s ability to respond to early life vaccinations. In a rural Kenyan setting where malaria and helminth infections are common, we tested infants’ anti-vaccine antibody responses over time for up to three years of age after early vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), diphtheria, and Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib). In contrast to the results for our previous 2006–2009 cohort, for whom antenatal parasite exposure reduced responses to diphtheria and Hib, our more recent 2013–2015 cohort did not show consistent evidence of an effect of antenatal maternal infection on subsequent infant vaccine responses. We conclude that the impact of antenatal infections on infant immune response can be mitigated, and that present-day screening and preventive therapies during pregnancy may have achieved this effect.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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