| Popis: |
Different cropping patterns have their own economic and ecological significance. Developing cropping patterns suitable for local conditions is needed to protect and make good use of black soils. At present, the cropping patterns and their spatial characteristics in the black soil region of Northeast China is poorly understood. Based on the crop classification data in 2017-2019, we used geo-information Tupu methods, distribution index model, and bivariate spatial autocorrelation to examine the cropping patterns. The results showed that: 1) The main cropping patterns in the black soil region of Northeast China were continuous maize cropping, continuous rice cropping, continuous soybean cropping, and maize-soybean rotation, accounting for 38.3%, 18.5%, 10.3% and 26.0%, respectively. The maize-soybean rotation included maize-soybean two-year rotation, maize-maize-soybean three-year rotation, and soybean-soybean-maize three-year rotation, accounting for 44.1%, 34.5% and 21.4% of the rotation area, respectively. 2) Various cropping patterns had obviously horizontal differentiation. For instance, continuous maize cropping had very obvious gradient differentiation characteristics in temperature and humidity, but soybean continuous cropping and maize-soybean rotation showed no gradient differentiation, while continuous rice cropping had gradient differentiation only in humidity. 3) Various cropping patterns had obviously spatial clustering characteristics. They had spatial transition characteristics from soybean continuous cropping, soybean-soybean-maize three-year rotation, maize-soybean two-year rotation, maize-maize-soybean three-year rotation, to continuous maize cropping. The cropping pattern in black soil region of Northeast China was dominated by continuous cropping. Understanding its distribution pattern can provide a basis for future spatial optimization of crop rotation.不同种植模式具有不同的经济学和生态学意义,因地制宜确立合理的种植模式是保护黑土地的重要措施。目前,对东北黑土区的种植模式类型及其空间格局尚缺乏系统的认识。本研究基于东北黑土区2017—2019年作物分类数据,应用地学信息图谱理论和方法构建种植模式图谱,以揭示黑土区种植模式类型及其空间格局,并在此基础上使用分布指数模型和双变量空间自相关方法分析了种植模式的分布规律。结果表明: 1) 东北黑土区种植模式主要有玉米连作、水稻连作、大豆连作和米(玉米)豆(大豆)轮作,面积占比分别为38.3%、18.5%、10.3%、26.0%。其中,米豆轮作又包括米豆两年轮作、米米豆三年轮作、豆豆米三年轮作,分别占轮作面积的44.1%、34.5%、21.4%;2) 各类种植模式的水平地带性分异规律显著。其中,玉米连作在温度和湿度上的梯度分异特征均非常明显,水稻连作仅在湿度上的梯度分异特征非常明显,大豆连作和米豆轮作在温度和湿度上的梯度分异特征均不明显;3) 各类种植模式的空间集聚特征显著,种植模式间存在“大豆连作→豆豆米三年轮作→米豆两年轮作→米米豆三年轮作→玉米连作”的空间过渡特征。东北黑土区种植模式以连作为主,其分布规律可为今后轮作空间优化提供依据。. |
