The cytokine network of wallerian degeneration: IL-10 and GM-CSF

Autor:	H, Be'eri, F, Reichert, A, Saada, S, Rotshenker
Rok vydání:	1998
Předmět:	Time Factors Galectin 3 Macrophages Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Axotomy Fibroblasts In Vitro Techniques Antigens Differentiation Polymerase Chain Reaction Interleukin-10 Up-Regulation Mice Inbred C57BL Mice Culture Media Conditioned Animals RNA Messenger Schwann Cells Wallerian Degeneration Cells Cultured Myelin Sheath
Zdroj:	The European journal of neuroscience. 10(8)
ISSN:	0953-816X
Popis:	Wallerian degeneration (WD) is the inflammatory response of peripheral nerves to injury. Evidence is provided that granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to the initiation and progression of WD by activating macrophages and Schwann, whereas IL-10 down-regulates WD by inhibiting GM-CSF production. A significant role of activated macrophages and Schwann for future regeneration is myelin removal by phagocytosis and degradation. We studied the timing and magnitude of GM-CSF and IL-10 production, macrophage and Schwann activation, and myelin degradation in C57BL/6NHSD and C57BL/6-WLD/OLA/NHSD mice that display normal rapid-WD and abnormal slow-WD, respectively. We observed the following events in rapid-WD. The onset of GM-CSF production is within 5 h after injury. Production is steadily augmented during the first 3 days, but is attenuated thereafter. The onset of production of the macrophage and Schwann activation marker Galectin-3/MAC-2 succeeds that of GM-CSF. Galectin-3/MAC-2 production is up-regulated during the first 6 days, but is down-regulated thereafter. The onset of myelin degradation succeeds that of Galectin-3/MAC-2, and is almost complete within 1 week. IL-10 production displays two phases. An immediate low followed by a high that begins on the fourth day, reaching highest levels on the seventh. The timing and magnitude of GM-CSF production thus enable the rapid activation of macrophages and Schwann that consequently phagocytose and degrade myelin. The timing and magnitude of IL-10 production suggest a role in down-regulating WD after myelin is removed. In contrast, slow-WD nerves produce low inefficient levels of GM-CSF and IL-10 throughout. Therefore, deficient IL-10 levels cannot account for inefficient GM-CSF production, whereas deficient GM-CSF levels may account, in part, for slow-WD.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::993e9e6b9369ca3b6d6ac3b8b1df4a6b https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9767400 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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