| Popis: |
The expansion of built-up area will cause stress effect on the regional natural ecological security pattern during urbanization process. Taking rapid expanding regions of four inland and coastal cities as study areas, including Tongzhou in Beijing, Zhengding in Hebei, Tanggu in Tianjin and Xiamen in Fujian, we constructed regional landscape stress indexes according to the principle of landscape ecology and comparatively analyzed the landscape pattern characteristics of rapid expanding regions and the differences of stress effect of artificial landscapes on four natural landscapes ecological security pattern in the process of rapid urbanization. Results showed that landscape erosion indexes of Tongzhou, Zhengding, Tanggu and Xiamen in 2015 were 1.039, 0.996, 1.239 and 0.945, respectively, which indicated that the natural landscapes were eroded significantly. Natural landscape types of those four regions presented different threatened levels. Among all natural landscape types, unused land and waters were worst threatened in Tongzhou, Zhengding and Tanggu, while in Xiamen cultivated land and waters showed the highest threat levels. The waters threat indexes of those four areas were all more than 0.743. Landscape isolation indexes of waters and unused land of the inland cities were greater than those of coastal cities, which meant water distribution of inland cities in the space was less gathered than that of coastal cities. Besides, compared with the other natural landscape, unused land and waters suffered the largest stress from artificial landscapes.城镇化进程中的建成区扩张会对区域自然生态安全格局造成胁迫效应.本文选取北京通州、河北正定、天津塘沽及福建厦门4个内陆和沿海城市为研究区,通过景观生态学原理构建区域景观胁迫分析指标,对比分析4个城市快速扩张区域在快速城镇化过程中表现出的景观格局特征,研究不同区域及城镇化背景下人工景观对耕地、绿/林地、水体和未利用地等自然景观生态安全格局的胁迫作用差异.结果表明: 2015年,通州、正定、塘沽和厦门4个城市扩张区的景观侵蚀指数分别为1.039、0.996、1.239和0.945,自然景观都表现出显著的被侵蚀程度;但不同城市区域的各类自然景观类型受威胁的程度不同,通州、正定和塘沽以未利用地和水域为主,厦门则以耕地和水域为主,4个城市水域威胁指数均超过0.743;内陆城市的水域和未利用地景观分离度指数均大于沿海城市,在空间上表现为沿海城市水体分布较内陆城市更聚集;相对于其他自然景观,未利用地和水域是受人工景观胁迫最大的两种自然景观. |
