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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted by unprotected sexual intercourse, via infected blood or blood products, or perinatally from mother to infant. A number of factors determine the risk of transmission in any of these situations. The general risk of infection in a society will also depend on the duration of the incubation period from infection to onset of HIV-related disease and death. This article discusses some of the factors which determine the risk of transmission, the general risk of infection in a society and the individual decision to engage in high-risk activities. |
