| Popis: |
FNA biopsy is well known method for the first step evaluation of thyroid nodules, it is the "gold standard" for diagnosis and surgical approach of nodular goiter. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity of the method there are grey zone in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, mainly due to the heterogeneous group of Bethesda category AUS/FLUS. There are also some difficulties in diagnosis of PTC, especially FVPTC, even on histologic sections. The limited studies exist that specifically address details of cytologic features associated with cytohistologic discrepancy. Cell-block is very helpful in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and the carcinoma of undefined category; as the papillary configuration and nuclear features were more obvious, also immunocytochemical markers are applicable for ancillary studies. The BRAF mutation detection, which is associated with papillary microcarcinomas and cancer, can be yield for preoperative diagnosis, as well as for prognostic marker and as therapeutic target for farther management. |
