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To assess the risk factors associated with diabetes on parameters of diabetic nephropathy represented by albuminuria level.The case-control cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Diabetes Centre for Treatment and Research, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from October 2019 to March 2020, and comprised adult diabetes patients of either gender who were divide into 3 groups depending on urine albumin/creatinine ratio as normal albuminuria group A, microalbuminuria group B and macroalbuminuria group C. Besides, healthy subjects were enrolled in control group D. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio was tested using urinary test strips, while glycated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were tested in the laboratory. Body mass index of each subject was also measured. Data was analysed using Graph Pad Prism 8.0.2.Of the 133 subjects, 100(75.2%) were diabetes patients and 33(24.8%) were controls. Among the cases, 60(60%) were in group A with a mean age of 61.27±7.64 years; 37(61.7%) females and 23(38.3%) males; 21(21%) were in group B with a mean age of 59.48±7.63 years; 8(38%) females and 13(62%) males; and 19(19%) were in group C with a mean age of 62.79±9.73 years; 7(37%) females and 12(63%) males. Among the controls in groups D, there were 20(%) females and 13(%) males with an overall mean age of 54.36±10.94 years. Among the cases, 40(40%) had some degree of diabetic nephropathy. Glycated haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose were significantly higher among the cases and were strongly positively correlated with albuminuria microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (p0.01). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were positively correlated with macroalbuminuria, while high-density lipoprotein was negatively correlated with albumin/creatinine ratio in microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (p0.05).Diabetic subjects with nephropathy usually had poor glycaemic control with dyslipidaemia. |
