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To investigate gender differences on psychological outcome following cardiac disease, and to identify predictors of psychological distress.In total, 536 consecutive cardiac patients ≤70 years were identified from medical records to participate in the study: 36 of them proved to have died since the index event. The mean time since the index event was one year and seven months. Of the 500 patients, 357 (71%) agreed to attend an interview on biomedical risk factors and fill in a psychological questionnaire. Complete psychological data were available for 287 (80%) patients.Women scored significantly higher on anxiety, depression, vital exhaustion and social inhibition, and lower on wellbeing compared with men. Gender, age, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, smoking and admission for a recurrent event since the index event were independent predictors of psychological outcome.These results add to current knowledge on gender differences and show that women have an adverse outcome on a range of psychological variables. This has implications for secondary prevention and rehabilitation. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the implications of adverse psychological outcome in women on prognosis. |
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