In-Person vs Electronic Directly Observed Therapy for Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence
| Autor: | Burzynski, Joseph, Mangan, Joan M., Lam, Chee Kin, Macaraig, Michelle, Salerno, Marco M., deCastro, B. Rey, Goswami, Neela D., Lin, Carol Y., Schluger, Neil W., Vernon, Andrew |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | JAMA Network Open |
| ISSN: | 2574-3805 |
| Popis: | Key Points Question Is electronic directly observed therapy (DOT) noninferior to in-person DOT in supporting medication adherence for tuberculosis treatment? Findings In this randomized, 2-period crossover noninferiority trial of 216 patients with tuberculosis, the modified intention-to-treat analysis estimate of the percentage of medication doses staff observed patients ingest with in-person DOT was 87.2% vs 89.8% with electronic DOT. The percentage difference between DOT methods was −2.6%, which was less than the noninferiority margin of 10% at a statistically significant level. Meaning These findings suggest that electronic DOT was noninferior to in-person DOT when employed by a tuberculosis program that has historically implemented in-person DOT successfully. This randomized noninferiority trial compares the effectiveness of electronic directly observed therapy for tuberculosis treatment regimen with in-person observation. Importance Electronic directly observed therapy (DOT) is used increasingly as an alternative to in-person DOT for monitoring tuberculosis treatment. Evidence supporting its efficacy is limited. Objective To determine whether electronic DOT can attain a level of treatment observation as favorable as in-person DOT. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a 2-period crossover, noninferiority trial with initial randomization to electronic or in-person DOT at the time outpatient tuberculosis treatment began. The trial enrolled 216 participants with physician-suspected or bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis from July 2017 to October 2019 in 4 clinics operated by the New York City Health Department. Data analysis was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. Interventions Participants were asked to complete 20 medication doses using 1 DOT method, then switched methods for another 20 doses. With in-person therapy, participants chose clinic or community-based DOT; with electronic DOT, participants chose live video-conferencing or recorded videos. Main Outcomes and Measures Difference between the percentage of medication doses participants were observed to completely ingest with in-person DOT and with electronic DOT. Noninferiority was demonstrated if the upper 95% confidence limit of the difference was 10% or less. We estimated the percentage of completed doses using a logistic mixed effects model, run in 4 modes: modified intention-to-treat, per-protocol, per-protocol with 85% or more of doses conforming to the randomization assignment, and empirical. Confidence intervals were estimated by bootstrapping (with 1000 replicates). Results There were 173 participants in each crossover period (median age, 40 years [range, 16-86 years]; 140 [66%] men; 80 [37%] Asian and Pacific Islander, 43 [20%] Black, and 71 [33%] Hispanic individuals) evaluated with the model in the modified intention-to-treat analytic mode. The percentage of completed doses with in-person DOT was 87.2% (95% CI, 84.6%-89.9%) vs 89.8% (95% CI, 87.5%-92.1%) with electronic DOT. The percentage difference was −2.6% (95% CI, −4.8% to −0.3%), consistent with a conclusion of noninferiority. The 3 other analytic modes yielded equivalent conclusions, with percentage differences ranging from −4.9% to −1.9%. Conclusions and Relevance In this trial, the percentage of completed doses under electronic DOT was noninferior to that under in-person DOT. This trial provides evidence supporting the efficacy of this digital adherence technology, and for the inclusion of electronic DOT in the standard of care. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03266003 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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