Alcohol-Seeking Behavior
| Autor: | Gianoulakis, Christina |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 1998 |
| Předmět: |
endocrine system
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Alcohol Drinking literature review adrenocorticotropic hormone endorphins Pituitary-Adrenal System cortisol corticotropin RH pituitary-adrenal axis Animals Humans endogenous opioids hypothalamus-pituitary axis physiological stress reinforcement animal model Articles AOD craving Behavior Addictive AOD use susceptibility Opioid Peptides self medication dopamine hereditary factors AOD use behavior |
| Zdroj: | Alcohol Health and Research World |
| ISSN: | 0090-838X |
| Popis: | Both the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the endogenous opioid system are activated in response to stress as well as after alcohol consumption, supporting the hypothesis that stress can influence both alcohol consumption and craving for alcohol. Activation of the HPA axis by stress or alcohol results in the production of glucocorticoid hormones, such as cortisol. Those hormones, in turn, are important for the release of the brain chemical dopamine in certain brain areas that are associated with the rewarding and reinforcing effects of alcohol and other drugs. Alcohol-induced release of certain endogenous opioids similarly results in dopamine release in those brain regions. Through this mechanism, both the HPA axis and the endogenous opioid system may influence alcohol consumption. Consequently, genetically determined differences in the activities of the HPA axis and endogenous opioid system may help determine a person’s alcohol consumption level and vulnerability to alcoholism. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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