Generation Z: Adolescent Xenobiotic Abuse in the 21st Century
| Autor: | William, Eggleston, Christine, Stork |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Phencyclidine Abuse
Dextroamphetamine Adolescent Inhalant Abuse Cannabinoids Substance-Related Disorders N-Methyl-3 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine Amphetamine-Related Disorders Dextromethorphan Receptors N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Designer Drugs Xenobiotics Hallucinogens Methylphenidate Humans Central Nervous System Stimulants Ketamine Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists |
| Zdroj: | Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews. 26(3) |
| ISSN: | 1934-4287 |
| Popis: | NMDA receptor antagonists include the prescription medication ketamine, the illicit xenobiotics PCP, MXE, and other novel PCP analogs, and the OTC medication DXM. The NMDA receptor antagonist most commonly abused by adolescents in the United States is DXM. These xenobiotics cause dissociative effects by non-competitively inhibiting the action of glutamate at the NMDA receptor. Additionally, these agents modulate the actions of monoamine neurotransmitters, agonize opioid receptors, and inhibit nitric oxide synthase. Patients typically present with sympathomimetic and neuropsychiatric clinical manifestations after abuse of NMDA receptor antagonists. Treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive. Interventions include benzodiazepines, propofol, fluids, antiemetics, aggressive cooling, and respiratory support. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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