Understanding mammary gland development through the imbalanced expression of growth regulators
| Autor: | G W, Robinson, G H, Smith, D, Gallahan, A, Zimmer, P A, Furth, L, Hennighausen |
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| Rok vydání: | 1996 |
| Předmět: |
Receptors
Notch Cell Differentiation Mice Transgenic Receptors Cell Surface Transforming Growth Factor alpha Milk Proteins Retinoblastoma Protein Mice Mammary Glands Animal Gene Expression Regulation Pregnancy Transforming Growth Factor beta Proto-Oncogene Proteins Animals Lactation Female Transgenes Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 Growth Substances Receptor Notch4 |
| Zdroj: | Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists. 206(2) |
| ISSN: | 1058-8388 |
| Popis: | Functional differentiation of mammary tissue progresses in distinct phases spanning puberty and pregnancy. Here we have analyzed and compared the effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1), TGF alpha, and whey acidic protein (WAP), the Notch-related cell fate protein Int3, and p53 and pRb on mammary development. We chose transgene expression from the WAP gene promoter which is only active in mammary alveolar cells. The imbalanced expression of these molecules specifically altered development and differentiation of the gland. While TGF alpha did not disturb alveolar outgrowth, little or no alveolar structures developed in the presence of Int3. TGF beta 1, WAP, and the expression of SV40 T-antigen-which inactivates p53 and PRb-reduced overall alveolar development. The expression of individual milk protein genes was affected differentially by the transgenes. A WAP-lacZ transgene served as an additional indicator of terminal differentiation of alveolar cells, Homogeneous expression of lacZ was seen in mice transgenic for lacZ, or for TGF alpha and lacZ. In contrast, only a few differentiated cells were observed in the presence of TGF beta 1 and Tag. Thus, the expression of growth regulators in the same defined subset of mammary cells results in distinct developmental changes and a specific pattern of alveolar differentiation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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