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This chapter distinguishes “transhuman” from “posthuman” and introduces transhumanism as an intellectual and cultural movement. The chapter refers the reader to the transhumanist “Letter to Mother Nature,” thanking nature for the present state of evolution, but suggesting it is time for technologically-driven amendments to the human species. Major themes of the world’s religions useful in evaluating enhancement technology are summarized, with attention given to some basic differences between monotheistic and karmic traditions. A liberal-conservative theological continuum, helpful in understanding religious responses to transhumanism, is presented. The two main religious transhumanist organizations are introduced: Mormon Transhumanist Association and Christian Transhumanist Association. Models of the relationship between religion and science (conflict, independence, dialogue/integration) are identified and their potential usefulness in understanding religion’s response to transhumanism is discussed. |
