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Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries. However, many cities face negative consequences of tourism because their capacities are exceeded. In this case the term overtourism is used. The aim of this research is to find out what impacts of overtourism affect the well-being and health of the local population of Barcelona. In order to research the topic, a literature review was conducted. The main sources were scientific articles found in various databases, government reports and media articles. As a theoretical framework about public health, the ‘’dimensions of health’’ as well as the ‘’determinants of health’’ model were used. The results show that the local community of Barcelona struggles with diverse tourism impacts, such as overcrowding, losing the identity of the city, increased pollution, housing unaffordability and displacement due to tourism gentrification. Evidence has been found that especially the physical, mental and emotional health dimensions are affected by Barcelona’s high tourist numbers. Overcrowding causes stressful situations and anxiety for residents. Similarly, the mental well-being is impacted due to increased nightlife and noise disturbance from the tourists. The physical health of the locals suffers from bad air quality, which is partly caused by air traffic and cruise ships. Furthermore, overtourism has an impact on the outer layers of the determinants of health model. Most of the consequences of tourism are identified as socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. What especially impacts the health of residents are the altered housing conditions and gentrified neighborhoods. When residents have to move into substandard housing it can potentially mean more health hazards. Moving neighbors also weakens the community and social support, which is important for the social dimension of health. However, no obvious correlation between tourism and the dimensions of sexual and spiritual health had been found. Even though city governance has done policy changes to improve the situation, significantly more effort has to be done to reverse the consequences of overtourism. Moreover, as there are not many studies done on this particular topic, more research is needed. eingereicht von: Nastja Grasic Bachelorarbeit FH JOANNEUM 2020 |
