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Deniz, Ulaş, `Aegean Import Ceramics in the West Anatolia in the First Half of the Second Millenium B.C.`, Master's Thesis, Advisor: Prof. Dr. Hayat Erkanal, VII + 420 pp. In the extent of the current study, it's tried to brought up the origins, production centers and the characters of the maritime ceramics which are imported to Western Anatolia during the first half of the second mUlenium B.C. It can be seen that Western Anatolia had developed rapidly and, becomes a center of attraction for the neighbouring regions by the beginning of second mUlenium B.C. remarkably. The main reason of the interest directed towards Western Anatolia, may probably linked with some of the features including, such as the rich metal resources, the diversity and density of the agricultural products grown in the fruitful plains lay on the hinterland and the geographical location which forms up a bridge between Aegean and Central Anatolia. The origins of the relations between Western Anatolia and neighbouring regions extends as far as Neolithic Period. Particularly by the Early Bronze Age II period the maritime relations of Western Anatolia increased considerably. However, the affects of this maritime trade networks' could reached to indefinite level by connected to the factors can be held on the frame of security and the powerlessness of local rulers who can be considered as the foundations of the providing the establishment of trade. The centralization tendency and the city states or the local sovereignities connected to this, occured in the early secon mUlenium B.C., by the result of the need of security and the will of public welfare obtains a positive impact on the advance of oversea trade relations. The maritime contacts which are encouraged and supported by the local rulers and elites, had advanced on the basis of raw material The impacts of this involvement on Western Anatolia can be also seen in the caharacters of the cities' assessed in the extent of this study. Dominant cities over the bountenous plains with their locations on the mouth of the rivers, provides natural land routes through the plateau or bays, forms natural seaports for the ships advances throughout their abilities of communication with the Central Anatolia as well as Aegean. By Middle Bronze Age the importance of the cities which have relations in the twin direction both locates on the coastal regions and situates on the trade routes in the inland increased. Although it's understood that, linked to the increasing welfare of the local rulers and elites which are controlled the regional trade networks, the cities may become splendid by the second half of the second mUlenium B.C.. In the Middle Bronze Age I, it's considered that Southwestern Anatolia sites have denser relations with the Crete just like the remarkable Southeastern Aegean sites. Particularly the Minoan ceramics and the other finds found in Miletos dates to the same period indicates something like the re-inhabitation of the city which have roots extends as far as 6th mUlenium B.C.. The interest of the Minoan merchants or whoever else on Southeastern Aegean which increased by the Old Palace Period, evidently proved by the Kamares fragments caught in the area extends to Central Western Anatolia. In the Middle Bronze Age II period, the increase on the relations between Southwestern Anatolia and Crete, became to the point of the foundation of settlement colonies in the coastal zone of MUesia behalf of the latter. It's also known that Minoan merchants found their way as far as Northeastern Aegean during this period which is proved by the fine pottery examples come to light in the various settlements within this area. The Minoan imports considerably became dense in this period have to be held on by this perspective. Moreover in this period it's recognized that Central Western Anatolia made progress in its relations with the Mainland Greece, particularly Aegina. The distrubitution of the yellow minyan or the matt painted pottery in a wide range on Aegean such as Central Cyclades, Central Western Anatolia, Northwesstern Anatolia indicates the effort of elites of Mainland Greece strenghtening in this period willing to take share from overseas trade straightening of elites of Mainland Greece. The main reason of the finds which are various and numerous in Central Western Anatolia shows the oversea contacts both Crete and Mainland Greece as well as others have to be considered as the wealth of the region 's itself The Middle Bronze Age III period may considered as a sequence that Minoan activity in the Aegean reached a peak. It's attracted the attention that the Minoan activities particularly focused on three regions in this period. All these three regions; Attica on the edge of the Western String, Izmir Region on the edge of the Eastern String and Northeastern Aegean are characterized with the 441rich metal resources. Southwestern Anatolia have began to play a role in this period about the relations of Crete with the further Eastern Mediterrenean regions such as Cyprus. Even so the send of the Central Anatolia origined prestige goods to Minoan palaces or the use of Western Anatolian local wares in the Crete cities as imports indicates the reciprocal side of the maritime contacts. Western Anatolia had also reciprocal relations with Mainland Greece during the Middle Bronze Age HI. The ceramics that produced at the heart of Mainland Greece, provided from the numerous settlements of Central and North Western Anatolia in contrary to the Anatolian finds comes from Mykenai, Aegina etc. are revealed the density of the relations. Parallel to the growing up of islands economically such as Keos, Melos, Thera etc. the relations between Cyclades and Anatolia which is not definitely clear till this period felt remarkably. This period is witnessed to the advance of the Western Anatolia and remarkable increase on its overseas contacts that also come to light with the import ceramic evidences. After the volcanic eruption of Thera, it can be seen that the relations between Western Anatolia and Crete became limited and regressed. It's understood that many settlements have been left after this apocalypse and the maritime trade contacts between neighbouring regions affected deeply. By this period, the main trade partner of Western Anatolia have became Mainland Greece showed by the ceramic evidence includes early Mycenean pottery examples. 442 ABSTRACT Deniz, Ulaş, `Aegean Import Ceramics in the West Anatolia in the First Half of the Second Millenium B.C.`, Master's Thesis, Advisor: Prof. Dr. Hayat Erkanal, VII + 420 pp. In the extent of the current study, it's tried to brought up the origins, production centers and the characters of the maritime ceramics which are imported to Western Anatolia during the first half of the second mUlenium B.C. It can be seen that Western Anatolia had developed rapidly and, becomes a center of attraction for the neighbouring regions by the beginning of second mUlenium B.C. remarkably. The main reason of the interest directed towards Western Anatolia, may probably linked with some of the features including, such as the rich metal resources, the diversity and density of the agricultural products grown in the fruitful plains lay on the hinterland and the geographical location which forms up a bridge between Aegean and Central Anatolia. The origins of the relations between Western Anatolia and neighbouring regions extends as far as Neolithic Period. Particularly by the Early Bronze Age II period the maritime relations of Western Anatolia increased considerably. However, the affects of this maritime trade networks' could reached to indefinite level by connected to the factors can be held on the frame of security and the powerlessness of local rulers who can be considered as the foundations of the providing the establishment of trade. The centralization tendency and the city states or the local sovereignities connected to this, occured in the early secon mUlenium B.C., by the result of the need of security and the will of public welfare obtains a positive impact on the advance of oversea trade relations. The maritime contacts which are encouraged and supported by the local rulers and elites, had advanced on the basis of raw material The impacts of this involvement on Western Anatolia can be also seen in the caharacters of the cities' assessed in the extent of this study. Dominant cities over the bountenous plains with their locations on the mouth of the rivers, provides natural land routes through the plateau or bays, forms natural seaports for the ships advances throughout their abilities of communication with the Central Anatolia as well as Aegean. By Middle Bronze Age the importance of the cities which have relations in the twin direction both locates on the coastal regions and situates on the trade routes in the inland increased. Although it's understood that, linked to the increasing welfare of the local rulers and elites which are controlled the regional trade networks, the cities may become splendid by the second half of the second mUlenium B.C.. In the Middle Bronze Age I, it's considered that Southwestern Anatolia sites have denser relations with the Crete just like the remarkable Southeastern Aegean sites. Particularly the Minoan ceramics and the other finds found in Miletos dates to the same period indicates something like the re-inhabitation of the city which have roots extends as far as 6th mUlenium B.C.. The interest of the Minoan merchants or whoever else on Southeastern Aegean which increased by the Old Palace Period, evidently proved by the Kamares fragments caught in the area extends to Central Western Anatolia. In the Middle Bronze Age II period, the increase on the relations between Southwestern Anatolia and Crete, became to the point of the foundation of settlement colonies in the coastal zone of MUesia behalf of the latter. It's also known that Minoan merchants found their way as far as Northeastern Aegean during this period which is proved by the fine pottery examples come to light in the various settlements within this area. The Minoan imports considerably became dense in this period have to be held on by this perspective. Moreover in this period it's recognized that Central Western Anatolia made progress in its relations with the Mainland Greece, particularly Aegina. The distrubitution of the yellow minyan or the matt painted pottery in a wide range on Aegean such as Central Cyclades, Central Western Anatolia, Northwesstern Anatolia indicates the effort of elites of Mainland Greece strenghtening in this period willing to take share from overseas trade straightening of elites of Mainland Greece. The main reason of the finds which are various and numerous in Central Western Anatolia shows the oversea contacts both Crete and Mainland Greece as well as others have to be considered as the wealth of the region 's itself The Middle Bronze Age III period may considered as a sequence that Minoan activity in the Aegean reached a peak. It's attracted the attention that the Minoan activities particularly focused on three regions in this period. All these three regions; Attica on the edge of the Western String, Izmir Region on the edge of the Eastern String and Northeastern Aegean are characterized with the 441rich metal resources. Southwestern Anatolia have began to play a role in this period about the relations of Crete with the further Eastern Mediterrenean regions such as Cyprus. Even so the send of the Central Anatolia origined prestige goods to Minoan palaces or the use of Western Anatolian local wares in the Crete cities as imports indicates the reciprocal side of the maritime contacts. Western Anatolia had also reciprocal relations with Mainland Greece during the Middle Bronze Age HI. The ceramics that produced at the heart of Mainland Greece, provided from the numerous settlements of Central and North Western Anatolia in contrary to the Anatolian finds comes from Mykenai, Aegina etc. are revealed the density of the relations. Parallel to the growing up of islands economically such as Keos, Melos, Thera etc. the relations between Cyclades and Anatolia which is not definitely clear till this period felt remarkably. This period is witnessed to the advance of the Western Anatolia and remarkable increase on its overseas contacts that also come to light with the import ceramic evidences. After the volcanic eruption of Thera, it can be seen that the relations between Western Anatolia and Crete became limited and regressed. It's understood that many settlements have been left after this apocalypse and the maritime trade contacts between neighbouring regions affected deeply. By this period, the main trade partner of Western Anatolia have became Mainland Greece showed by the ceramic evidence includes early Mycenean pottery examples. 442 619 |
