| Autor: |
Erşan, S., Güçlü Üstündağ, Ö., Carle, R., Schweiggert, R.M. |
| Přispěvatelé: |
Erşan, S., Güçlü Üstündağ, Ö., Carle, R., Schweiggert, R.M., Yeditepe Üniversitesi |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2018 |
| Předmět: |
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| Popis: |
Pistachio hulls, important by-products of pistachio processing, were extracted using an environmentally friendly process with subcritical water (SCW) at a pressure of 6.9 MPa in the range of 110 and 190 °C, and a flow rate of 4 ml/min. Detailed HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn analyses allowed the identification of 49 phenolic compounds in the SCW extracts. Total gallotannin yields up to 33 g/kg were reached at 150–170 °C, where gallic acid (22.2 g/kg) and penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose (9.77 g/kg) levels were 13.2- and 10.6-fold higher than those in the aqueous methanol extracts. Flavonols were also effectively extracted at 110–150 °C (4.37–5.65 g/kg), while anacardic acid recovery was poor (1.13–2.77 g/kg). Accordingly, high amounts of anacardic acids (up to 50.7 g/kg) were retained in the extraction residue, revealing that SCW extraction allowed selective extraction of gallotannins and flavonols. Antioxidant capacities ranged from 0.68 to 1.20 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g for SCW extracts increasing with temperature up 190 °C. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) 2211/C Ph.D. Student Scholarship Program is acknowledged for financial support of one of the authors (S.E.). |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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