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Turkish civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in history. Immigrations of Turks to Anatolia enabled its current cultural structure to be shaped, in which Anatolia became Turkicized and Turk happened to be Anatolians. Turkoman tribes moved on the route from Central Asia to Anatolia where they met other ethnicities and neighbors during permanent and occasional settlements thus an amazing cultural richness of motifs appeared due to influences and interactions of various cultures such as Crusades, Selchukis and Ottomans as well as historical cultural accumulations in Anatolia. It is clear from Turkish history of culture that motifs in architecture and other Arts&Crafts were carried from Central Asia to Anatolia, interacted with various cultures and went through changes. Having interacted with other cultures on the route from Central Asia to Anatolia, Turks were exposed to metamorphosis in a variety of fields in religion and civilizations, which was later reflected to their motifs. This process includes two steps the first being acquaintance with Islam the second interaction with previous cultures upon their entrance into Anatolia. Motifs are believed to be of distinctive importance as values, assets, symbols (sign, talisman) in religious and social living of numerous civilizations established in Central Asia and Anatolia. Hand weaving is of particular importance in hand Arts&Crafts which is one of the richest resources in Turkish culture. Hand weaving has been a significant occupation for Turks since Central Asia to Anatolia. Hand weaving were woven in Central Asia first then developed and spread across the world in the process of movements, trade and wars, during which motifs on woven items were carried to and interacted with other cultures with the result that their forms and symbols changed occasionally symbolic meanings remained but implied floral and animal motifs varied based on geographies where they moved. Motifs were occasionally interpreted in their actual visual expressions and sometimes provided with symbolic meanings such as abundance and plentifulness, talisman, magic, protection, power and heroism. In the light of accessible written and visual resources, the present communique will comparatively discuss motifs used in weaving arts in Turkish culture from Central Asia to Anatolia. Motifs turned into national symbols belonging to both geographies will be compared with those motifs caused by cultural and historical continuity between Central Asia and Anatolia combined with similarities between progressed and traditionalized hand weavings based on religions, conventions, regions and livelihoods on the route for immigrations in terms of disappearance, form, meanings, functional changes, similarities and differences to consequently discuss related differences and their reasons. |
