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Glavna premisa procesnog modela roditeljstva Jaya Belskyja (1984) je da je roditeljstvo determinirano višestrukim čimbenicima roditelja, djeteta i izvorima stresa i podrške iz socijalnog konteksta. Utvrđeno je kako stresne okolnosti poput oružanih sukoba mogu djelovati na roditeljstvo, pa je zanimljivo ispitati determinante roditeljstva u kontekstu stresa koje izaziva pandemija bolesti COVID-19. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati doprinose karakteristika roditelja, djeteta i obiteljskih i širih kontekstualnih čimbenika objašnjenju triju dimenzija roditeljstva – roditeljskoj podršci, restriktivnoj kontroli i popustljivosti mjerenima URP-29 upitnikom (Keresteš i sur., 2019). U svrhu mjerenja roditeljskih kontekstualnih stresora konstruirana su dva upitnika (Upitnik osobnih stresora vezanih uz COVID-19 pandemiju i Upitnik stresora vezanih za dijete) i ispitane njihove metrijske karakteristike. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 538 roditelja (440 majke i 98 očeva) koji su rješavali online upitnik objavljen na društvenim mrežama. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju kako se svaka od ispitanih dimenzija roditeljskih ponašanja može objasniti s jednim ili više prediktora iz skupina odrednica roditeljskog ponašanja prema Belskyjevu modelu. Veću roditeljsku podršku predviđaju ženski spol roditelja, veća roditeljska samoefikasnost, manja dob djeteta te manji broj djece. Veću restriktivnu kontrolu predviđaju manja dob roditelja i njihova manja roditeljska samoefikasnost i veća eksternalnost, muški spol djeteta i nezaposlenost. Na kraju, veću popustljivost predviđaju viša dob roditelja i njihova veća roditeljska eksternalnost i manja roditeljska samoefikasnost, veći broj stresora povezanih s djetetovim općim teškoćama, manji broj djece i manji broj stresora vezanih uz rizike i teškoće uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19. Obrazovanje roditelja i zadovoljstvo brakom nisu pridonijeli objašnjavanju roditeljskog ponašanja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja sugeriraju kako kontekst pandemije može biti povezan s roditeljskim ponašanjem te kako je važno roditeljima pružati podršku kako bi osigurali kvalitetne oblike roditeljskog ponašanja The main premise of the process model of parenting by Jay Belsky (1984) is that parenting is determined by multiple factors of the parent, the child and sources of stress and support from the social context. It has been established that stressful circumstances such as armed conflicts can affect parenting, so it is interesting to examine the determinants of parenting in the context of the stress caused by the COVID-19 disease pandemic. The aim of this research was to examine the contributions of the characteristics of parents, children and family and wider contextual factors to the explanation of three dimensions of parenting - parental support, restrictive control and permissiveness measured by the URP-29 questionnaire (Keresteš et al., 2019). In order to measure parental contextual stressors, we constructed two questionnaires (Questionnaire of personal stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and Questionnaire of stressors related to the child) and their metric characteristics were examined. In total, 538 parents participated in the research (440 mothers and 98 fathers) who answered an online questionnaire posted on social networks. The obtained results show that each of the examined dimensions of parental behavior can be explained by one or more predictors from the groups of determinants of parental behavior according to Belsky's model. Greater parental support is predicted by the female gender of the parents, higher parental self-efficacy, younger age of the child and fewer number of children. Greater restrictive control is predicted by the younger age of the parents and their lower parental self-efficacy and greater externality, male gender of the child and unemployment. In the end, higher parental age and their greater parental externality and lower parental self-efficacy, a greater number of stressors related to the child's general difficulties, a fewer number of children and a smaller number of stressors related to the risks and difficulties caused by the COVID-19 disease pandemic are predicted to be more permissive. Parents' education and marital satisfaction did not contribute to explaining parental behavior. The results of this research suggest that the context of the pandemic may be related to parental behavior and that it is important to provide support to parents in order to ensure quality forms of parental behavior. |
