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Cilj ovog rada bio je razriješiti pitanje uzroka i razloga pobune iz 1920. pritom uzimajući u obzir široke političke, ekonomske i socijalne implikacije toga vremena. Najznačajniji procesi koji se dešavaju usporedno sa seljačkom pobunom jesu politizacija, postupna demokratizacija i (hrvatska) nacionalna integracija seljaštva. Glavna agrarno-seljačka stranka toga vremena, Hrvatska seljačka stranka već je u godinama prije Prvog svjetskog rata bila glavni zastupnik seljaka i njihovih interesa. Uvođenjem općeg prava glasa (za muškarce) u novoformiranom Kraljevstvu SHS, u političkom smislu stranka se u potpunosti okoristila svojim predratnim i ratnim politikama usmjerenim prema seljacima i postala stožerna stranka hrvatskih seljaka. Uloga stranke u pobuni, pak, predstavlja predmet za široku raspravu; s jedne strane, vodstvo stranke kroz pobunu djeluje gotovo nezainteresirano, sramežljivo se javljajući kroz svoja glasila o događajima u pobuni u kojoj je 15 seljaka ubijeno, više od stotinu pretučeno i ranjeno, a nekoliko stotina zatvoreno bez sudske presude. S druge strane, odmah po završetku pobune, stranka se aktivirala u pravnoj zaštiti seljaka na sudovima, žestoko ih braneći u svojim glasilima kao i optužujući počinitelje, žandarmeriju i vojsku za prekomjernu uporabu sile. Propagirala je istaknute članove pobune stavivši ih na svoje kandidacijske liste za Ustavotvornu skupštinu na izborima u studenom te godine. Dualnost HSS-ove politike čini se kompleksnijom ako znamo da je stranka nakon pobune stekla još i veći ugled među seljaštvom unatoč oklijevanju i pokazanoj pasivnosti prema događajima u rujnu 1920. Pokazalo se da je neuspješnost pobune prisilila seljake na drugačiji pristup političkoj borbi gdje se nametnuo HSS-ovski pristup mirne i legalističke reprezentacije kroz zakonodavne institucije društva. This thesis attempts to resolve the question of causes and reasons for the rebellion of 1920 taking into account the wider political, economic and social implications of that period. The most important processes ocurring simultaneously with the peasant riots are politization, gradual democratization and the general (Croatian) national integration of the peasantry. The main peasant party of the time, Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) has been for some time the main representative of peasant interest and with the introduction of universal suffrage in the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes became the sole beneficiary of its succesful politics aimed mainly at the peasantry. The role of the party in the rebellion, however, has been a matter of a heated debate; on one side the party and its leadership have been mostly silent throughout the main events of the riot which had seen 15 peasants killed and several hundred beaten and wounded with numerous arrested without proper legal conviction. On the other hand, right after the end of the rebellion, the party actively engaged in protecting peasants from the accusations in numerous court cases and vigorously demanding their release as well as punishment for the perpetrators through its magazines and newspapers. The duality of the HSS politics has ironically brought them with time even greater support from the peasantry despite not being there for them during the great riots in the fall of 1920. As a result of the failed rebellion, the peasants quickly gave up on violence as a method of political struggle in exchange for legitimate political representation provided to them through democratically elected representatives. |
