Ograničenje načela transparentnosti javne nabave pravom na tajnost podataka
| Autor: | Štaba, Romina |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Turudić, Marko, Carević, Melita |
| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Popis: | Ovim doktorskim radom se želi utvrditi pod kojim je uvjetima ograničenje načela transparentnosti postupka javne nabave pravom na tajnost podataka legitimno, odnosno kako zaštitom povjerljivih informacija i ograničenjem načela transparentnosti javne nabave ne prekršiti druga zajamčena prava sudionika postupka, posebice pravo na pošteno suđenje i pravo na djelotvorno pravno sredstvo. U radu su prikazani uvjeti legitimnosti ograničenja načela transparentnosti u postupku javne nabave kao: zaštita poslovne tajne, sprječavanje narušavanja poštenog tržišnog natjecanja te zaštita javnog interesa. Srž problema je u tome što hrvatski Zakon o javnoj nabavi ne regulira pravo pristupa tajno označenim podacima u postupku javne nabave koje je određeni gospodarski subjekt označio tajnima na temelju zakona, drugog propisa ili općeg akta. Time drugi gospodarski subjekti, koji žele podnijeti žalbu ili tužbu, nemaju pravne mehanizme za ostvarivanje uvida u meritorne dijelove spisa koji su označeni tajnima pa dolazi do sukoba između prava na zaštitu tajnih, odnosno povjerljivih podataka i informacija te zahtjeva za poštovanjem načela transparentnosti. S obzirom da u Republici Hrvatskoj nije reguliran spor o povjerljivosti podataka u postupku javne nabave, provedena je komparativna analiza zakonskih rješenja u svim državama članicama Europske unije te u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu. Komparativnom analizom je utvrđeno da zakonodavno rješenje, koje je postiglo balans između osiguravanja načela transparentnosti i zaštite tajnih, odnosno povjerljivih podataka u postupcima javne nabave, postoji u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu. Balans se ostvaruje kroz postupanje u prstenovima povjerljivosti. Stoga je u radu predloženo je da se institut prstenova povjerljivosti implementira i u hrvatski postupak javne nabave, tim više što temeljem Zakona o zaštiti neobjavljenih informacija s tržišnom vrijednosti u Republici Hrvatskoj zapravo već postoji reguliran usporedni postupak koji ima obrise postupanja u prstenovima povjerljivosti. U radu je također u odnosu na dva navedena sukobljena prava primijenjena Weight formula Roberta Alexyja. Dobiveni rezultat dodatno ukazuje na potrebu izmjena, odnosno dopuna hrvatskog zakonodavstva javne nabave. Potreba predloženih dopuna hrvatskog Zakona o javnoj nabavi ukazuje se nužnom, kako bi se svim sudionicima postupka javne nabave osigurala njihova temeljna prava na pošteno suđenje i djelotvorno pravno sredstvo. Stoga je uveden pojam ograničene transparentnosti kroz institut prstena povjerljivosti, što je potkrijepljeno argumentima iz analiziranih komparativnih rješenja, opsežne prakse Europskog suda za ljudska prava, Suda Europske unije, britanskog Građevinskog i tehnološkog suda, talijanskog Regionalnog suda u Laciju, prakse Državne komisije za kontrolu postupaka javne nabave i Visokog upravnog suda Republike Hrvatske, kao i primjenom Weight formule. This doctoral thesis aims to determine under what conditions the limitation of the principle of transparency of the public procurement procedure with the right to classified data is legitimate. That is, under what conditions the protection of confidential information and the limitation of the principle of transparency of public procurement do not violate other guaranteed rights of participants in the procedure, in particular the right to a fair trial and the right to an effective legal remedy. Through the conducted research, the legitimacy of the limitation of the principle of transparency is categorized through three fundamental aspects: protection of trade secrets, prevention of distortion of fair market competition, and protection of public interest. The essence of the problem is that the Croatian Public Procurement Act does not regulate the right of access to classified data in the public procurement procedure that a particular business entity has designated as secret based on the law, other regulation, or a general act. Because of this, other business entities who want to file a complaint or lawsuit do not have legal mechanisms to gain insight into the parts of the files that are marked as secret. This situation leads to a conflict between the right to protect the secrecy of confidential data and information and the requirement to respect the principle of transparency in the public procurement procedure. Since the Republic of Croatia does not regulate data confidentiality disputes within the framework of the public procurement procedure, the research conducted a comparative analysis of legislative solutions in all member states of the European Union and the United Kingdom. Based on comparative analysis, proposals for amendments to the Croatian legislation were detected in the legislation of the United Kingdom through the Technology and Construction Court Guide and British case law. Legal and technical mechanisms in the United Kingdom enable participants in the public procurement procedure to access the confidential file documentation they need to protect their procedural rights. On the other hand, those mechanisms ensure the confidentiality of data in the procedure. This is achieved through dealing in rings of confidentiality. The thesis proposes the implementation of the institute of confidentiality rings in the Croatian public procurement procedure. Based on the Croatian Act on the Protection of Undisclosed Information with Market Value the comparative procedure with elements of the described confidentiality rings under British law is in fact already regulated in the Republic of Croatia. Also, the thesis applies the Weight Formula according to Robert Alexy and the result additionally indicates that it is necessary to amend the Croatian public procurement legislation regarding the regulation of the procedure of access to data that is marked as secret in the procedure. The Weight Formula is applied to two conflicting rights - the right to protection of trade secrets and the right to transparency, i.e., equality of arms, fair trial, and effective legal remedy. The thesis proposes amendments to the Croatian Public Procurement Act which are necessary to provide all public procurement procedure participants with fundamental rights to a fair trial and an effective legal remedy. Namely, the thesis introduced the concept of applying the principle of limited transparency through the institute of the confidentiality ring, which is supported by arguments from comparative analysis, the extensive case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the British Technology and Construction Court, the Italian Regional Court in Lazio, the practice of the Croatian State Commission for the control of public procurement procedures, the High Administrative Court of the Republic of Croatia and by applying the Weight Formula |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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