Uvjetna osuda kao kaznenopravna sankcija u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu s posebnim osvrtom na maloljetničko kazneno pravo
| Autor: | Vidaković, Iva |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Maršavelski, Aleksandar, Munivrana, Maja, Roksandić, Sunčana |
| Jazyk: | chorvatština |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Popis: | Uvjetna osuda je vrsta kaznenopravne sankcije koja se izriče kod protupravnog ponašanja počinitelja kaznenog djela i određuje da se kazna na koju je počinitelj osuđen neće izvršiti ako počinitelj u vremenu provjeravanja ne počini novo kazneno djelo i ispuni određene mu obveze. Uvjetna je osuda jedna od mlađih kaznenopravnih sankcija nastala prelaskom s monističkog sustava na dualistički, te u konačnici na pluralistički kad dolazi do bitnih promjena na polju kaznenopravnih sankcija i sve se počinje usmjeravati prema budućnosti i konačnom cilju da počinitelj više ne ponavlja kaznena djela koja je počinio u prošlosti. To je institut koji je sredinom 19. stoljeća nastao sasvim slučajno, a danas se dijeli na anglosaksonski i kontinentalni model. Povijesni razvoj uvjetne osude u RH možemo promatrati kroz tri etape, koje su dovele do uvjetne osude kakvu poznajemo danas (uvjetna osuda prema Krivičnom zakoniku iz 1951., uvjetna osuda prema Osnovnom krivičnom zakonu Republike Hrvatske iz 1993. i uvjetna osuda prema Kaznenom zakonu iz 1997.). Novi KZ/11 više ne poznaje mjere upozorenja, pa tako uvjetna osuda postaje puka modifikacija kazne s time da srž ostaje ista, ograničava se primjena uvjetne osude i to na slučajeve u kojima je počinitelju izrečena kazna zatvora u trajanju do godine dana ili mu je izrečena novčana kazna te ujedno postaje alternativa kratkotrajnim zatvorskim kaznama. Kod pretpostavki za izricanje uvjetne osude najvažnija je ocjena suda. Djelomična uvjetna osuda je novi institut kojeg nije poznavao KZ/97 već je ona uvedena tek KZ/11. Razlog tome je napuštanje uvjetne osude kao kaznenopravne sankcije sui generis. Sukladno KZ/11, s obzirom na razloge i odluku suda, propisane su dvije vrste opoziva uvjetne osude, a to su obligatorni odnosno obvezni opoziv i fakultativni. Iako institut uvjetne osude, u svom čistom obliku kakvog poznaje kazneno pravo, ne postoji u maloljetničkom kaznenom pravu ipak ćemo se osvrnuti na njegovu ulogu i primjenu jer postoji vrlo sličan mu institut koji nosi naziv pridržaj izricanja maloljetničkog zatvora no postoje neke razlike. Važnost instituta uvjetne osude očituje se u njezinoj primjeni u praksi, upravo je uvjetna osuda daleko najzastupljenija kaznenopravna sankcija u RH. A suspended sentence is a type of criminal sanction that is imposed in the case of illegal behavior by the perpetrator of a criminal act and determines that the sentence, to which the perpetrator has been sentenced, will not be carried out if the perpetrator does not commit a new crime during the probationary period and fulfills certain obligations. Suspended sentence is one of the younger criminal sanctions created by the transition from a monistic system to a dualistic one, and ultimately to a pluralistic one, when there are significant changes in the field of criminal sanctions and everything begins to be directed towards the future and the ultimate goal that the perpetrator no longer repeats the criminal acts he has committed in the past. It is an institute that was created quite by accident in the middle of the 19th century, and today it is divided into Anglo-Saxon and Continental legal system. The historical development of suspended sentence in the Republic of Croatia can be observed through three stages, which led to the suspended sentence as we know it today (suspended sentence according to the Criminal Code from 1951, suspended sentence according to the Basic Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia from 1993 and suspended sentence according to the Criminal Code from 1997.). The new Criminal Code from 2011. no longer recognizes warning measures, so a suspended sentence becomes a mere modification of the sentence with the fact that the core remains the same, the application of a suspended sentence is limited to cases in which the perpetrator has been sentenced to a prison sentence of up to one year or has been sentenced to a fine and at the same time becomes an alternative to short-term prison sentences. The court's assessment is the most important for the conditions for the imposition of a suspended sentence. The partially suspended sentence is a new institute that was not known in Criminal Code form 1997., but was introduced only in Criminal Code form 2011. reason for this is the abandonment of conditional sentence as a sui generis criminal sanction. Pursuant to Criminal Core from 2011., with regard to the reasons and the court's decision, two types of revocation of a suspended sentence are prescribed, namely mandatory revocation and optional revocation. Although the institution of suspended sentence, in its pure form as known by criminal law, does not exist in juvenile criminal law, we will still look at its role and application because there is an institute very similar to it, which is called the reservation of the right to impose the sentence of juvenile incarceration but there are some differences. The importance of the institute of suspended sentence is manifested in its application in practice, it is the suspended sentence that is by far the most represented criminal sanction in the Republic of Croatia. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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