Loans by the RBA cooperatives in civil and enforcement proceedings: before and after lex Škibola

Autor: Gvozdić, Stjepan
Přispěvatelé: Bratković, Marko, Maganić, Aleksandra, Uzelac, Alan
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Popis: Hrvatski građani sklopili su više tisuća kredita s austrijskim kreditno-štednim zadrugama iz bankarske grupacije Raiffeisen (tzv. RBA zadruge) od kojih je jedan dio ušao u fazu ovrhe. Ovim radom ispituju se procesni problemi naplate tih kredita – kako bivši, tako i oni s kojima se vjerovnici još suočavaju – a koji proizlaze iz promjena važećeg prava i različitih shvaćanja domaćih sudova o njegovoj primjeni. Budući da se u konkretnim predmetima mogu pronaći sličnosti u činjeničnom okviru i pravnim pitanjima, na početku rada izlaže se primjer tipičnog slučaja. Veći dio rada posvećen je prikazu tijeka ovršnih i parničnih postupaka pred hrvatskim sudovima i procesnih mogućnosti stranaka u četirima fazama, ovisno o primjenjivom pravu. Početno stanje karakterizira neuspjeh dužnika s tužbama za utvrđenje ništetnosti ugovora na temelju novele Zakona o potrošačkom kreditiranju iz 2015. godine. Prvu promjenu njihovih procesnih mogućnosti predstavlja donošenje Zakona o ništetnosti ugovora s međunarodnim obilježjima sklopljenih u Republici Hrvatskoj s neovlaštenim vjerovnikom (tzv. lex Škibola), donesenim upravo radi slučajeva dužnika RBA zadruga. Drugu promjenu snaga među strankama predstavlja presuda Suda Europske unije u predmetu C-630/17, Milivojević protiv Raiffeisenbank kojom Škibolin zakon ocjenjuje protivnim pravu Unije. Treća promjena nastupa odlukom Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske o ukidanju tog zakona zbog nesukladnosti s vladavinom prava. Zaključno se razmatra svrhovitost donošenja Škibolina zakona za probleme građana kojima je trebao pomoći te ukazuje na najnoviji moment – presudu Suda EU-a u predmetu Kuhar protiv Addiko Bank – zbog koje je izgledno da će se proces naplate vjerovnikove tražbine u tekućim ovrhama potrajati još neko vrijeme.
Croatian citizens have taken out thousands of loans with Austrian credit and savings cooperatives from the Raiffeisen banking group (the so-called RBA cooperatives), one part of which has entered the enforcement phase. This paper examines the procedural problems of collection of these loans – both former and those that lenders still face – which arise from changes in the applicable law and different understandings of domestic courts about its application. Since similarities in the factual framework and legal issues can be found in specific cases, an example of a typical case is presented at the beginning of the paper. Main part of the paper is devoted to the presentation of the course of enforcement and civil proceedings before the Croatian courts and the procedural possibilities of the parties in four stages, depending on the applicable law. The initial situation is characterized by the failure of debtors with lawsuits to establish the nullity of the contract based on the 2015 amendment to the Consumer Credit Act. The first change in their procedural possibilities is the enactment of the Act on the Nullity of Credit Agreements with an International Element Concluded in the Republic of Croatia with an Unauthorised Lender (the so-called lex Škibola), enacted specifically for the cases of debtors of RBA cooperatives. The second change of power between the parties is represented by the judgment of the European Court of Justice in case C-630/17, Milivojević v. Raiffeisenbank, in which Škibola Law is judged to be contrary to Union law. The third change comes with the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia to repeal that law due to its incompatibility with the rule of law. The conclusion consideres the expediency of passing the Škibola Law for the problems of the citizens it was supposed to help, and points out the most recent moment – the judgment of the ECJ in the case of Kuhar v. Addiko Bank – which makes it likely that the process of collecting the lender's claim in the ongoing enforcement proceedings will take some time.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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