Mijeloproliferativni zloćudni tumori
Autor: | Kapetanović, Edo |
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Přispěvatelé: | Duletić-Načinović, Antica |
Jazyk: | chorvatština |
Rok vydání: | 2015 |
Předmět: |
BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Interna medicina
policitemija vera primarna mijelofibroza polycythemia vera chronic myeloid leukemia hemic and lymphatic diseases primary myelofibrosis kronična mijeloična leukemija esencijalna trombocitoza BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Internal Medicine essential thrombocytosis |
Popis: | U klasičnu skupinu mijeloproliferativnih bolesti spadaju kronična mijeloična leukemija (KML), policitemija vera (PV), esencijalna trombocitoza (ET) i primarna mijelofibroza (PMF). One su klonalni poremećaji na razini progenitorne krvotvorne stanice koji rezultiraju stvaranjem i nakupljanjem mijeloidnih stanica. Pokazuju znatnu razinu preklapanja kliničkih i laboratorijskih nalaza poglavito na početku bolesti. KML nastaje od pluripotentne stanice i odgovoran je za 15% do 20% leukemija u odrasloj populaciji. BCR/ABL1 translokacija specifična je genetska podloga kronične mijeloične leukemije. Tirozin kinazni inhibitori (TKI) revolucionirali su terapijski pristup ovoj bolesti. U policitemiji veri (PV) dominira povećana masa eritrocita i povećan hematokrit koji su zajedno odgovorni za sve kliničke manifestacije ove bolesti. Snižena serumska koncentracija eritropoetina (EPO) ispod normalnih vrijednosti i nalaz koštane srž važni su dijagnostički kriteriji. Venepunkcija se koristi kao početna terapija za smanjivanje broja eritrocita. Esencijalna trombocitemija nije niti citogenetički niti morfološki definiran entitet. U razmazu periferne krvi otkrivaju se neočekivano veliki trombociti s poremećajem morfologije i načina nakupljanja, praćeni blagom leukocitozom. Glavni uzrok morbiditeta i mortaliteta u pacijenata s esencijalnom trombocitozom su krvarenja i tromboze. Fibroza u primarnoj mijelofibrozi suprimira hematopoezu u koštanoj srži i dovodi do citopenije u perifernoj krvi s opsežnom ekstramedularnom neoplastičnom hematopoezom. Usprkos dugoj povijesti istraživanja, etiologija ovih bolesti ostaje nepoznata, a time je onemogućena i mogućnost njihove prevencije. Classical group of myeloproliferative diseases is made of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). These are clonal disorders of hematopoietic progenitor cells that result in formation and accumulation of myeloid cells. They show a significant level of overlap in clinical and laboratory findings, especially at the beginning of the disease. CML arises from pluripotent cells and is responsible for 15 to 20 percent of leukemia in the adult population. BCR / ABL1 translocation is a specific genetic mark of chronic myeloid leukemia. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) revolutionized the therapeutic approach to CML. In polycythemia vera (PV) increased mass of red blood cells and increased hematocrit are dominant, which together are responsible for all clinical manifestations of PV. Reduced serum erythropoietin (EPO) below normal values and bone-marrow analysis are important diagnostic criteria. Venipuncture is used as initial therapy to reduce the number of red cells. Essential thrombocytosis is neither a cytogenetic or morphologically defined entity. Peripheral blood smear reveals unexpectedly large platelets with impaired morphology and modes of accumulation followed by mild leukocytosis. The main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with essential thrombocytosis is bleeding and thrombosis. Fibrosis in primary myelofibrosis suppresses hematopoiesis in bone marrow and leads to peripheral blood cytopenia with extensive extramedullary neoplastichematopoiesis. Despite the long history of research, the etiology of these diseases remain unknown, and so do possible ways of their prevention. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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