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Sapuni su kemijski spojevi nastali bazičnom hidrolizom masti i ulja tj. procesom saponifikacije, a upotrebljavaju se još od davnina kao sredstva za pranje, za osobnu higijenu ili u kućanstvu. Proces dobivanja sapuna ostao je praktički nepromijenjen godinama, međutim u posljednje vrijeme je došlo do povećane potražnje ljudi za higijenskim i kozmetičkim preparatima na bazi prirodnih sirovina što je potaknuto povećanjem svijesti o utjecaju sintetskih materijala na zdravlje i okoliš. Cilj ovog završnog rada bio je sintetizirati proziran sapun od različitih vrsta biljnih ulja te ispitati utjecaj dodanih komponenata, količine alkohola i vrste šećera na prozirnost sapuna. Sapuni su pripravljeni postupkom na toplo. Korišteno je palmino, kokosovo i ricinusovo ulje te etanol, glicerol i saharoza (u prahu i kristal). Dobiveni sapuni su analizirani i njihova je moć pjenjenja uspoređena s moći pjenjenja komercijalno dostupnog sapuna. Dobiveni sapuni su po definiciji prozirni sapuni. Soaps are fatty acid salts obtained by the process of saponification or alkaline hydrolysis of fats and oils and have been used since ancient times as a detergents, for personal hygiene or in the household. The process of making soap has remained practically unchanged for many years but lately there has been increased demand from people for hygienic and cosmetic preparations based on natural materials. It is a result of increasing awareness of the impact of synthetic materials on health and the environment. The aim of this final work was to synthesize transparent soap from different types of vegetable oils, and to examine the influence of added components, the amount of alcohol and the type of sugar on the transparency of the soap. The soaps were prepared by the hot process; using palm, coconut and castor oil, glycerol, ethanol and sucrose (powder and crystal). The obtained soaps were analyzed and their foaming power was compared with the foaming power of commercially available soap. The resulting soaps are transparent soaps by definition. |
