Prevention of deep venous thrombosis in the intesive treatment unit

Autor: Grabovac, Ivana
Přispěvatelé: Parčina, Zvonimir
Jazyk: chorvatština
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Popis: Sažetak: Duboka venska tromboza ili DVT se očituje zgrušavanjem krvi u dubokim venama udova, najčešće u potkoljenici, bedru ili u venama zdjelice. Nastaje u stanjima koja dovode do oštećenja i disfunkcije endotela, pogoršavaju vensku cirkulaciju ili u stanjima hiperkoagulabilnosti. Cilj ovog rada je opisati DVT i moguće komplikacije, te posljedično načine liječenja i metode koje se koriste za prevenciju DVT-a. DVT donjih ekstremiteta nastaje najčešće zbog poremećene venske cirkulacije (u imobiliziranih bolesnika), disfunkcije (nakon prijeloma noge) ili ozljede endotela, dok duboka venska tromboza gornjih ekstremiteta nastaje nakon ozljede endotela srčanim elektrostimulatorima, centralnim venskim kateterom ili uslijed intravenske narkomanije. DVT često uzrokuje plućnu emboliju koja je po život opasno stanje i zato je od iznimne važnosti prevencija DVT-a. Trombi se sastoje od fibrina, trombina i eritrocita s malo trombocita (crveni trombi). Bez liječenja trombi se mogu širiti proksimalno ili embolizirati u narednih nekoliko dana ili oboje. Uobičajene komplikacije koje ćemo detaljno opisati u radu su postflebitički sindrom, kronična venska insuficijencija, te već spomenuta plućna embolija. Važno je razlikovati bolesti koje podsjećaju na duboku vensku trombozu. Od velike važnosti je znati prepoznati znakove i simptome DVT-a od kojih imamo nespecifične i specifične simptome. DVT nastaje brzo i jako je važno naučiti postupke i metode liječenja koje se koriste u bolnicama kako bi spasili život i poboljšali kvalitetu bolesnikova života. Summary: Deep venous thrombosis or DVT is manifested by blood clotting in the deep veins of the limbs, most commonly in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvic veins. It occurs in conditions that lead to endothelial damage and dysfunction, worsen venous circulation or in conditions of hypercoagulability. The aim of this paper is to describe DVT and possible complications and consequently the treatments and methods used to prevent DVT. DVT of the lower extremities occurs most often due to impaired venous circulation (in immobilized patients), dysfunction (after a broken leg) or endothelial injury, while deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremities occurs after endothelial injury with cardiac pacemakers, central venous catheter, or intravenous drug addiction. DVT often causes pulmonary embolism, which is a life-threatening condition and therefore the prevention of DVT is of utmost importance. Thrombi consist of fibrin, thrombin and erythrocytes with few platelets (red thrombi). Without treatment, blood clots can spread proximally or embolize over the next few days or both. Common complications that we will describe in detail in the paper are postphlebitis syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency, and the already mentioned pulmonary embolism. It is important to distinguish between diseases that resemble deep vein thrombosis. It is great importance to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of DVT from which we have non- specific and specific symptoms. DVT develops rapidly and it is very important to learn the procedures ande methods of treatment used in hospitals to save lives and improve the quality of life of patients
Databáze: OpenAIRE