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Sastavni dio estetskih sportova i ono što ih, uostalom, i razlikuje od drugih vrsta sportova je glazbena pratnja uz koju se izvode. Glazba je u svim svojim mogućim varijacijama iznimno važan čimbenik te je stoga nužno da svi koreografi, treneri, sudci, kao i sami sportaši imaju znanje o barem osnovama glazbene kulture kako bi bili što uspješniji u obavljanju svoga posla. U radu koji slijedi navedeni su i definirani osnovni elementi teorije glazbe: visina i boja tona, tonalitet, harmonija, jačina, ritam, metar, tempo i melodija te različite vrste glazbe. Također se posebna pažnja stavlja na konstrukt glazbenih sposobnosti, njihovo definiranje, razvoj kod djece te testiranje različitih faceta te sposobnosti korištenjem različitih testova zadovoljavajućih metrijskih karakteristika. Plesne strukture su usko vezane uz glazbu i ono su što estetske sportove čini estetskima te su iz tog razloga također detaljno opisane u tekstu. Ples, ali i jednostavno kretanje uz ritmičke strukture, javlja se već kod male djece, a nalazimo ga i kod primitivnih plemena. Kroz povijesna razdoblja poprima različite oblike, a danas se razlikuju društveni, narodni i sportski plesovi. Zajedničko im je izražavanje glazbe kroz pokret, što svakako podrazumijeva znanje o trajanju, jačini, naglascima i drugim elementima pokreta u mjestu i kretanju odnosno različitim koracima se izražava vrijednost nota po trajanju, pokretima ruku izražavaju se naglašeni i nenaglašeni dijelovi takta i sl., a kako bi to bilo moguće potrebna je dobra koordinacija u ritmu koja je iznimno važna za uspjeh u ovoj vrsti sporta te se u senzitivnom periodu razvoja na nju treba obratiti posebna pažnja. Kada se uzmu u obzir sve navedene varijable stvara se ples kroz koji se izražavaju emocije, raspoloženja, misli i stavovi, a u scenskim djelatnostima cilj mu je prenijeti glavnu ideju i emociju na publiku. Da bi to bilo moguće potrebno je pridržavati se principa koreografiranja koji su detaljnije objašnjeni u tekstu. Use of music in aesthetic sports Fundamental part of aesthetic sports and what separates them from the other sports is the musical accompaniment to which they are performed. Music, in all of its possible variations, is an extremely important factor and it is therefore essential that all choreographers, coaches, judges, and athletes themselves have knowledge of at least the basics of music culture to be successful in doing their job. In the following paper the basic elements of musical theory are defined: the height and color of the tone, tonality, harmony, dynamics, rhythm, meter, tempo and melody, and, as well, different types of music. Special attention is also given to the construct of musical abilities, their definition, development in children and the testing of different facets of it by using different tests with satisfactory metric characteristics. Dance structures are closely related to music and are what make aesthetic sports aesthetics, therefore they are also described in detail in the following text. Dance, but also simple movement with the rhythmic structure, can be found in small children, and, as well, in primitive tribes. Throughout the history it takes on different shapes, and today there are different social, folk and sports dances. It’s common for them to express the music through the movement, which implies knowledge of the duration, strength, accents and other elements of the movement in the place and in the motion. In other words said, the different steps indicate the value of the note by duration, hand movements expressing the emphasized and unquoted parts of the beat etc. To make that possible one must have a good coordination in rhythm which is very important for success in this type of sport and a special attention should be paid to it in a sensible period of development. When all these variables are taken into account, dance is created through which emotions, moods, thoughts and attitudes are expressed, and in stage activities the goal is to convey the main idea and emotion to the audience. To be able to do so, it is necessary to adhere to the main principles of choreography, which are explained in more detail in the following text. Keywords: music, aesthetic sports, dance structures, musical ability, coordination in rhythm, choreography |
